WorldCom Fiasco Essay Example

WorldCom Fiasco Essay WorldCom was a company that was dealing with long distance telephone and internet communication server provider technologies. The company at one time became bankrupt because of the mangers who were appointed made the company to go into liquidation because they undertook fraudulent deals and this lead to the collapse of the company. The new chief Executive Officer Mr. Michael Capellas and Mr. Robert Blakely were appointed so as to conduct an audit about the performance of the company.   The task of auditing was difficult because the company had so many employees and so many assets of the company had been overvalued and this amounted to increased fraudulent cases that needed to be reviewed. Recent studies showed that the company’s fraud was as a result of the company’s management’s employee’s mismanagement of the companies operations. http://www.seu.edu/ethics/dialogue/cande/cases/worldcom-update.htmlWorldCom Company’s disasters of bankruptcy lead t o the laying off workers. The investors and the mangers pension funds were not given to them since the company did not have enough money to pay all the workers. The status of the lives of retirees was also affected because they did not have enough money to cater for them once they terminated their employment. It was observed that besides the poor management of the WorldCom Company the telecommunication industry was overbuilt and it could not absorb the capacity of technology that had been built into the system for many years. The WorldCom shares which had peaked at $62 three years ago had fallen to 83 cents at the trading of the stock exchange this lead to the halting of   the company   operations   The management of the company had also borrowed $30 billion from different companies   and at the time of its collapse it had a huge debt such   that it was not able to recover to pay its debts of its customers(Maasen, G.F 1999)..The collapse of the World Com Company had also a positive effect because the managers of most corporations became more responsible since they wanted to maximize profits in their businesses. The government of Congress imposed instructions that all corporations were supposed to follow the rules and regulations of the company and thus the company’s management could no longer manipulate the balance sheets of the WorldCom Company. Another change that was to be undertaken was that the higher management levels salaries were reduced so that the company would cut on its expenses on the salaries and wages which were taking up the company’s largest budget. The ranks of the high-level management structures were regulated so that the right people would hold these positions so as to enable the proper management of WorldCom Company and this reduce the incidence of fraud. http://www.be.wvu.edu/bl-online/news/badnews.htmThe negative effect that WorldCom Company had was that the students who were leaving school had to compete with th e laid off workers of WorldCom, Xeron and Enron companies and this way a challenge to them as they had to compete for the few jobs opportunities that were there in the market. The president of the Congress state Mr. Bush said that he was ready to ensure that the economy of the country was strengthened through reforming the pension plans, and he ensured that corporate criminals were held accountable for their actions. The reason why he wanted to improve the economy was because the WorldCom company had for a long time contributed to the revenue of the country and its demise lead to the reduction of the country’s revenue thus the president of Congress imposed the instructions so that more people would be made to be more responsible for their actions and the huge losses that were being experienced would be reduced.The president of the Congress state Mr. Bush noted that the people who had dedicated themselves to building the WorldCom company deserved to paid better because they ha d contributed to the well-being of the economy and this enabled the country to protect jobs for their employees thus they had no a problem of the security of their jobs and also ensured that the retirees benefits were secure thus they would not have a problem in the future. The president of the Congress later signed into law a bill that increased a review of the accounting industry and he imposed tough penalties for the executives that committed corporate frauds.The management of WorldCom later filed a case in court to state that they had over valued their earnings by more than $ 4 billion and thus the customers of WorldCom Company were assured that the company was in a stable condition thus they did not have to worry that their telephones and their computers would be affected in anyway.Ethics is the study of how to determine what is right or wrong of an action, a way of life or a decision by a person. In the normative ethics it deals with the search of principles that guide a perso n on whether making a decision or an action is right or wrong. In the utilitarian theory it is based on the moral standards that are applied on an outcome of an action or a decision that ensures all people in an organization behave in a way that will be beneficial to the community at large. In the deontology theory it ensures that the decisions are made solely or primarily by considering one’s duties and rights and one that does not change as a result of circumstances.It was not ethical for the leaders of WorldCom to deceive their customers that the company would be successful in the future while it was massively insolvent. The top accounting firms did a bad job of falsifying the audit reports which made customers of WorldCom company to believe that it was a financially stable company.The WorldCom company fiasco sager had an impact on one individual who was known as Cynthia Cooper. She spearheaded the uncovering of the fraudulent activities of the company; she was later award ed a number of awards such as the Accounting Exemplar Award since she had made a notable contribution to professionalism, ethics in the accounting practice of the company. The chief executive officer that is Mr. Ebbers and Mr. Sullivan had contributed to the success of the business since the time they left the company Cynthia cooper was treated badly for uncovering the fraud in the company and her salary was frozen and her auditing position was taken over by another person because she flew to other places of the world since she was given the opportunity to do so.In the year 2004, the chief executive officer of WorldCom Mr. Ebbers was charged with an offense of committing a securities fraud and he had false fully field cases with the Securities and Exchange Commission in March 2005. He was found guilty of all the charges on July 13 that year he was sentenced to a lifetime imprisonment. Mr. Ebber’s lawyer applied for his conviction so that he could not serve the lifetime impris onment, they falsified the case by giving the judge inappropriate information about Mr. Ebber’s knowledge of the WorldCom accounting fraud that took place in the company. His lawyers also claimed that his case had been manipulated because the three high-level WorldCom executives were not given permission to testify on his behalf. In August 2005, the former chief executive officer Mr. Sullivan was sentenced for five years in court due to the fraudulent practices of the WorldCom Company. He pleaded guilty of the offence that he had been charged against with and he was the only person who was to testify against Mr. Ebbers. Currently, Mr. Ebbers has been convicted in a court of law and he remains to pay a bail while he continues to pursue an appeal.The management of companies must ensure that the necessary mechanisms for production and allocation of resources are subjected to ethical constraints which ensure that the outcomes of exchange satisfy the demands of social justice and that the basic needs of the people are met because if people needs are not met then a company may not achieve its objectives of profit maximization. The state needs to regulate the society and the market so that the rights of al people in the society are regulated in the case of WorldCom where the company was liquidated because of the poor management of the resources of the company, the president’s intervention to regulate the market was a positive move because the other upcoming companies would not fall into the same problem.The management of company should prepare annual directors reports that include a more detailed operating and financial review of the company’s performance. This will enable shareholders and other people who are interested in the company’s affairs to make informed assessments of the company’s current position and future strategies so as to curb incidence of fraud that were noted in WorldCom company and this resulted to its closure.Ref erenceMaasen, G.F (1999). An international comparison of corporate governance models†, Amsterdam: Spencer Stuarthttp://www.seu.edu/ethics/dialogue/cande/cases/worldcom-update.htmlhttp://www.be.wvu.edu/bl-online/news/badnews.htmKen, B. (2005) WorldCom’s audacious failure and its toll on an industry. New York TimesHooks, G. (1998) â€Å"Corporate welfare policy and the welfare state. Bank deregulation and the savings and loan bail out, â€Å"social forces Vol 77 ISS.4 pp 1644-1646

Isolation (Of Mice and Men) essays

Isolation (Of Mice and Men) essays Isolation is the term used when a being is confined to himself without any outside contact. In the story, Of Mice and Men, isolation was a major role forced upon Crooks and Curleys wife. Crooks is an old black man whom lives in a little hut beside the manure pile, and lives and sleeps by himself, with no contact besides orders. Curleys wife was isolated, simply because Curley didnt not trust her, and considered her to be a tart. These two characters have a lot in common as shown through this story. Crooks is a slave, an old black man whom is literate and tends to be crabby. He is crabby because his whole life he has seen failure been pushed around and not taken seriously, and every time he does something good and starts to get somewhere or make something of himself, he gets shot down to rock bottom. Thus causes people to become isolated and keep to them selves, however, Lennie, a man who isnt aware of social and cultural barriers, talks to crooks, and tells him about his farm. For the first time ever in his life Crooks sees a light, an opportunity for success and to be free, thus sorta bring himself out of isolation, to life in a happier place, a dream land, the land in which every hard working man such as himself, George, Candy, and even Lennie dream of. That takes Crooks to a new level of thinking. Curleys wife and himself were married at a young age, he promised her to have a good life and be happy. Unfortunately she was too young to know what she had gotten herself into. Curley couldnt love his wife because he didnt trust her, nor did he trust is co-workers, he considered he to be a tart because of the looks she gave people. However, little id anyone notice, those were not looks of lust, nearly looks of conversation. She was lonely, very lonely, and didnt have a single person to talk to, didnt have a job and could not get out fending for herself. She was isolated in...

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Problems

The article half a defence of positive accounting research by Paul V Dunmore has been analysed in the present segment. The current study discusses positive accounting of research program extensively that in turn helps in development of causal factors of human behaviour from the perspective of accounting. In this respect ontological along with epistemological aspects of research works are appraised in the study. The introductory section of the current segment reflects the background information on positive research in accounting, aspects of scientific research projects along with instances of positive research in the field of accounting. Subsequently the article throws light on diverse aspects of scientific ontology and epistemology, falsification and importance of hypothesis testing in research work. In addition to this, the article also sheds light on different requirements on necessities productive and effectual positive research program, states the reason behind research programs are conducted in this way and delivers the concluding pronouncements together with suggestions for enhancement of research work. In itself, the current study concisely explains the summary of the article to deliver a comprehensive outline of the present article and recognises the research questions from specific research objectives. Besides this, the current study also exemplifies diverse theoretical aspects of positive accounting research in the current report and clarifies the significance and limitations of the study. The particular article fundamentally deals with positive approach undertaken for research in accounting and explains illustratively various doctrines of positive accounting on a particular platform of research work (Hopper and Bui 2016). Nonetheless, the current analysis in turn provides assistance for determination of causal linkages in behaviour of human beings observed from accounting perspective. Subsequently, the particular critique indicates the scientific research works conducted in economics as well as accounting as positive research. Over and above this, the research article also helps in understanding the manner positive approach can be utilized in accounting research, identify different deficiencies in the procedures of implementation of scientific means for research plans. In addition to this, the research article also elucidates exhaustively as regards intellectual enquiry established for development of research hypothesis and Greek practice of logical investigation as vital functions of scientific research works (Huber 2015). Moving further, the research article presents instances   Ã‚  Ã‚  of positive accounting research also summaries nature in addition to causes of certain factors of accounting, though the reasons might possibly be dissimilar illogical factors of human psychology. The research article also expounds different theories of scientific ontology and epistemology, rationality of examination of hypothesis of research and distortion. In this regards, the research article stated that principles a nd doctrines of research are regularly endorsed inductively by the process of accumulation of requisite, but this process of induction cannot be regarded to be correct (Jaggi 2015).   In itself, the research article also expounds exhaustively and comprehensively the Popper’s criterion that indicates the phases that natural scientists undertake for undertaking research work. Predominantly, the procedures takes account of observation and subsequent development of initial ideas, formulation of formal concepts and inspection of forecasts. For itself, undertaking this procedure also have the chances of disapproval of quite a lot of theories and helps in examination of feasibility of falsification of theoretical concepts. In addition to this, inspection of falsification also demonstrates qualitative positive research approach, diverse intents of qualitative positive research and subsequently illuminates the logic, strengths as well as weaknesses of statistical examination of research hypothesis (Kim and Zhang 2013). As such, the research article exhaustively illustrates the judgement behind examination of research hypothesis that can be regarded as a version of P opper’s judgement that is predominantly utilized in quantitative research. Particularly, for this null hypotheses are taken into account and under the specific null hypothesis, certain distribution of test statistic is calculated. Accordingly, the article mentions that the intention of inspection of research hypothesis is to invalidate the projected null hypothesis of the research work based on the enumerations. The research article also suggests that there is necessity for certain statistics for undertaking positive accounting research. Nevertheless, statistics are inexactly utilized, consequently, the usual aim need not be examination of hypothesis and in its place estimation needs to be utilized (Ball et al.   2013). Also, the current research article also describes the effect on positive research programs. Moreover, the research article also sketches the necessities of undertaking an effective positive approach for undertaking research works. This in turn also indicates the requirement for diverse models that can be stringently scrutinized, studying the significance of analytical modelling and need for enumeration instead of testing. In conclusion, the research study states conclusive pronouncements founded on inspection of different ontological and epistemological facets of positive approach in research works. Additionally, conclusive declarations of the current research article also clarifies the limitations of research works in the field of accounting and way in which the present exercise of accounting is deficient of necessary requirements (Miller and Power 2013). Over and above this, the study also recommends methods for enhancement of the research exercise grounded on identified gaps in specifically theoretical modelling, enumeration procedures utilized in different models, examination of hypothesis and documentation of data records. Examination of research observations of the current research refers that there is persistent necessity for more advanced processes for examination that can ensure that theoretic models can be appropriately gauged (Robson and McCartan 2016). Predominantly, the ideologies and doctrines need to be functionalized by establishing apposite proxies for across-the-board and significant notions. Before instituting a viable method for examination of notions, precis e measurement scheme need to be correctly utilized as a standard that can be used in all the research studies and eradicate the need for re-creating diverse dimensions every time for all the subsequent research works (Rogers and Van Buskirk 2013). As such, evaluation of diverse observations also proposes the fact that there needs to be transference of concentration from essentially the processes of examination of research hypothesis to particularly the estimation processes of specific research parameters. By itself, comparative appraisal can be undertaken between the confidence intervals as well as varied theoretic estimates of research parameters along with diverse similar examinations from research projects (Smith 2014). The present research article also recommends about the necessity to upkeep data records, proper implementation of significant notions that in turn can help in inspection of framed research hypothesis. According to analysis of observations, research study also reco mmends about the need for applications that in turn can assist in endorsement of findings acquired from testing of framed hypothesis of the research. The questions that can be framed based on current objectives of the research: How do the positive approach adopted in the field of accounting research can assist in the process of accomplishment of scientific purposes of research work? How do procedures of development of specific hypotheses for research, examination of hypothesis enhance a particular research work under consideration? In what manner do different aspects of ontological along with epistemological factors of scientific research affect research procedures? The contemporary fragment demonstrates theoretical construction of current research work that in turn can assist in the procedure of upholding theoretical notions that are particularly relevant in the present context (Tucker et al. 2016). Also, theoretical outline of the present study takes account of different descriptions of ontological along with epistemological factors of scientific research works under consideration. By itself, the carefully chosen article elucidates diverse notions of positive approach in accounting research, its contextual background accompanied by biases. The chosen research piece also draws reference to specific Greek mythology, specific religious understandings about the entire world, (Buddhist otherwise Abrahamic) for comprehensive understanding of the procedures of sensible enquiry that essentially is a significant measure of scientific research (Wilkinson and Durden 2015). Also, the present research article also demonstrates the significance of positive approach in accounting research and pulls reference to vital model that can essentially help in understanding the rationality as well as self-absorbed human behaviour. Over and above this, theoretical outline of the current research study comprises of thorough study of logical ontology along with epistemology of scientific research. Also, the notions along with doctrines of accounting fundamentally comprises of comprehensive explanation of accounting concepts such as revenue, expenditure, gains or else losses and many other concepts (Bonin 2013). Nevertheless, accounting concept in ontological setting also divulges the fact that there are several fundamental deductions vis-à  -vis reality existence that basically can be related to significant theory especially focussed on philosophy of realism. Yet, dissimilar conclusions drawn that has foundations on explicit ontological assumptions insufficient. This is basically for specific cases in which the significances in conjunction with r oles of mainly accounting in business concerns as well as community need to be considered. Based on the observations, it can be hitherto construed that positive ontology and epistemology might perchance not be precise and illogical (Coad et al.   2016). In this connection, positive research assumed for varied wings of social science have the need for suppositions of certain research approaches that are in essence based on important observations regarding causal linkages. However, the theoretical construction of researches consists of comprehensive explanations of Popperian criterion, qualitative research in Popper’s practises, clarification of judgement accompanied by explanations of strengths as well as weaknesses of statistical examination of research hypothesis as part of implementation of Popper’s procedures and evaluation of erstwhile research that can illustrate influence on positive research projects (Deegan 2013). Particularly, the insinuation of the current article under consideration is that it helps in obtaining ample awareness regarding positive approach of research particularly in the field of accounting. Nevertheless, the research work aids in the process of augmentation of causal affiliation of specific nature of human in basically accounting setting. Apart from this, examination of research article also divulges the fact that the research study concentrates on significance of logical investigations that can upkeep the whole practice of foundation of cause and effect link (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). On top of this, the research study also contributes towards the procedure of attainment of systematic information regarding different theoretic philosophies as well as notions of normal science propounded by Kuhn. Nonetheless, the primary output profoundly consists of statistically noteworthy consequences and has different uninterpretable statistical coefficients related to transformed measu rements. There are several limits of the current piece of research. Fundamentally, the details suggested by Kuhn are also non-important (Miller and Power 2013).   As such, the current study therefore proposes varied propositions based on consequences of the research study. For itself, the recommendations for of enhancements of theoretic models have the need to be assessed for formation of effectual research pieces. Nevertheless, the study exemplifies inadequate advancement in scientific research particularly in the field of accounting. This can be hereby added that the research does not mention it does not mention particular ways for averting diverse difficulties of slow advancements in positive research specifically in the fields of accounting (Modell 2013). Yet again, the proposals for development as indicated in the research article also suggests about estimation of research parameters, though, the current research price does not exemplify the technique of application for asses sment of notions. The current report explains thoroughly diverse ontological and epistemological facets of scientific research schemes. However, the scientific research fundamentally comprises of intellectual investigation and fundamentally this practise of enquiry can be reflected as a vital part of scientific research process. Particularly, from the perspective accounting, scientific research procedures considers specific accounting exercises that essentially does not fulfil obligatory criteria for working as an effectual research work. Examination of consequences replicates diverse significant models that stem from fallouts of the inspection. The carefully chosen article also put forward diverse propositions that are important expressly for positive research and quantitative in nature. Analysis of observations of the current research piece also reflects the requirement for more superior hypothetical and theoretic models that can essentially be considered as pertinent subjects for comprehensive exam ination. Yet again, examination of research study also replicates the need for improved analysis processes in order to ensure that diverse hypothetical models can be correctly scrutinised. Outcomes of the current research article also mentions about the need for transference of the effort from particularly examination of research hypothesis to utilization of processes of estimation of research parameters. Finally, the research article also asserts the requirement for broad replication of specific intentions of validation of deductions from examination of research hypothesis. Ball, R., Kothari, S.P. and Nikolaev, V.V., 2013. Econometrics of the Basu asymmetric timeliness coefficient and accounting conservatism. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(5), pp.1071-1097. Bonin, H., 2013. Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science & Business Media. Coad, A., Coad, A., Jack, L., Jack, L., Kholeif, A. and Kholeif, A., 2016. Strong structuration theory in accounting research. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 29(7), pp.1138-1144.. Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Gaffikin, M. and Aitken, M., 2014. The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Hopper, T. and Bui, B., 2016. Has management accounting research been critical?. Management Accounting Research, 31, pp.10-30. Huber, D., 2015. On the hegemony of financial accounting research: a survey of accounting research seen from a global perspective. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 11(1). Jaggi, B., 2015. Research in financial accounting accounting theory ii (26: 010: 652) Fall 2015. Kim, J.B. and Zhang, L., 2013. Accounting conservatism and stock price crash risk: Firm-level evidence. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.557-605. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.557-605. Modell, S., 2013. Making sense of social practice: theoretical pluralism in public sector accounting research: a comment. Financial Accountability & Management, 29(1), pp.99-110 Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016. Real world research. John Wiley & Sons. Rogers, J.L. and Van Buskirk, A., 2013. Bundled forecasts in empirical accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 55(1), pp.43-65. Smith, M., 2014. Research methods in accounting. Sage. Tucker, B.P., Parker, L.D. and Merchant, K.A., 2016. With a little help from our friends: An empirical investigation of co-authoring in accounting research. The British Accounting Review, 48(2), pp.185-205. Wilkinson, B.R. and Durden, C.H., 2015. Inducing structural change in academic accounting research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 26, pp.23-36.

Motivation Methods Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivation Methods Paper - Essay Example This can be done through a needs analysis or even qualitative research such as interviews or questionnaires to determine the real-life attitudes of employees. Motivating employees requires a blend of transformational leadership development, experiential learning, negotiation strategies, and making appeals to psychological needs. Many organizations that operate in dynamic and ever-changing environments must be flexible and adaptable in order to maintain its competitive edge and advantages over other businesses operating in the same industry. For some businesses, marketing and promotion are critical dimensions that differentiate the brand or the product from other companies selling similar products in multiple domestic and international markets. In order to be adaptable, change management becomes critical. According to Grieves (2010, p.8), â€Å"change is a negotiated order†, where internal stakeholders of all varieties attempt to exert persuasive influence on others in order to achieve goals and objectives established by the organization. In order to motivate employees in an environment where there is considerable resistance to change, the manager must consider bargaining tactics in order to negotiate these changes. Employees who often resist change can reduce productivity and complicate the development of special projects that are critical to achieving corporate goals and gaining competitive edge. In many scenarios, such resistance is caused by negative sentiment or attitude about the change and its potential impact on job role and responsibilities. Employees are more willing to accept change activities and principles when they feel they have been given an opportunity to express their concerns about the activities and the potential risks employees feel the change imposes. If employees do not feel they have been given adequate decision-making authority and are being heard by management, they will not feel appreciated within the organizational context. Thu s, the manager should attempt to create a sense of social belonging and also build self-esteem in employees associated with the change. According to Morris & Maisto (2005), these are fundamental human behavioral needs that are critical to achieving a self-actualized, motivated attitude about job role achievement. The most effective methods of establishing motivation in a changing environment are to bargain the change imperatives and ensure that consensus becomes part of the management model. Another method of improving motivation in the organization is the development of the transformational leadership style. According to Fairholm (2009), transformational leadership is a human resources-based management system whereby the manager works as a teacher, mentor and coach to others in order to build their competencies and individual skill-sets. A transformational leader also imparts vision and mission on others in the business, role modeling ethical behaviors to build trust between subord inate and manager. In organizational environments where there are traditional management models that have rigid control systems and reward systems that are contingent on performance in job role, employees are not given opportunities to express their creativity or achieve autonomy in job role. Transactional leadership, as one example, is a management philosophy where goals are

Course, Cause and Treatment of Bi-Polar disorder Research Paper

Course, Cause and Treatment of Bi-Polar disorder - Research Paper Example Course, Cause and Treatment of Bi-Polar disorder The symptoms that characterize the manic episode include elevated mood, hyperactivity that involves high levels of energy, lack of self control, flight of thoughts and grandiosity. During this stage the individual may have an inflated self-esteem and the individual becomes over-involved in activities; particularly, over-indulgence in sexual activity and promiscuity that can be seriously detrimental for the individual’s personal health and well-being. The individual may also get involved in other kinds of reckless behavior such as binge eating, drug abuse, impaired hindsight or judgment and may even shop excessively. Due to lack of self-control, the individual exhibits an irritable mood and is prone to lash out at other people; in other words, they lose their temper quite often that causes them to behave in a manner that has heavy and often debilitating consequences. They experience inability to concentrate on their work, as a result are easily distracted and may even have little or no need for sleep at all. On the other hand, the depressive phase has symptoms that are exactly the opposite of the manic phase and the symptoms are similar to that experienced by the sufferers of Major depressive disorder. The symptoms experienced during the depressive stage are low mood, anhedonia; which is complete lack of interest in activities that were previously found pleasurable, difficulty concentrating, faces problems in remembering things and indecisiveness. The individual faces gross psychomotor retardation; as his movements slows down, he or she may feel tired all the time and loses his or her self-esteem. The phase is characterized by crying spells, persistent sadness, negative thoughts; which are usually about death and suicidal ideation. (Moore & Jefferson, 2004) The individual’s social life is hampered as well and begins avoiding social situation. The individual experiences increased and often displaced amount of guilt along with feelings of worthlessness and dejection. The individual may either lose weight due to lack of appetite; however, in some cases the individual may indulge in binge eating and may gain excessive amount of weight that may result in obesity if the depression is not treated in time. The individual has sleep disturbances and like the eating disorder, he or she may either experience insomnia or hypersomnia that is the individual either sleeps too little or excessively. Either way, individuals are likely to commit suicide during the depressive and during the manic phase, they can do serious damage to their health by abusing drugs and alcohol or indulging in unsafe sexual activity. (Moore & Jefferson, 2004) The individual may experience these symptoms simultaneously or even these can overlap each other resulting in a state that is often called the â€Å"mixed state†. Throughout the course of the disorder, the individual may also have a phase, which is normal and may experience normal level of mood. However, before making the diagnosis that an individual suffers from bi-polar disorder, clinicians must rule the following disorders.

Utilitarianism Classical Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Classical Utilitarianism Essay Classical Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy, which was developed in 19th century England by Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Henry Sidgwick. The essential feature a utilitarian reside in, is the notion that an action is right if it produces the most amount of happiness well limiting suffering. Utilitarianism focuses solely on the consequences of the action, in an attempt to bring about the most happiness from each situation, well ensuring everybody’s happiness is equally considered. A utilitarian decides each action, by calculating the overall utility (good) that will results against the overall disutility (bad) that will result from a particular action. The action with the highest total net utility will be chosen. Within Utilitarianism there is a division between the conceptions of what is perceived as good; Hedonist Utilitarianism and Preference Utilitarianism. Classical utilitarians believe in Hedonist, were pleasure or happiness is perceives as the only intrinsic good. In modern society most utilitarians believe that the concept of good refers to preferences, and that individual preference satisfaction should be maximized for example artistic creation. There is a further division between utilitarians; Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism, holds that one should always follow rules that tend to promote the general welfare of humans for example a rule might be not to killing people. Act Utilitarianism holds that one should always act to promote the general welfare. Utilitarianism is plausible firstly because general overall happiness is achieved for the greatest amount of people. Second, because of it simplicity it is easy to determine whether an action is moral or immoral. You simply have to calculate the total utility against the total disutility for each action, and chose the action that will result in the most happiness. Third, the majority of society uses Utilitarianism when they are confronted with daily decisions. For example in peak hour traffic the majority of drivers would let another driver change into their lane, because the other driver obviously needs to change lanes. The other driver is likely to gain more happiness from being let in than the potential unhappiness it will cause you by waiting a few extra second in traffic. Fourth, it is a simply way off living a moral life, were you do not necessary have to be religious to be moral in your decision-making. The strongest objection against Utilitarianism is that it cannot accommodate for moral considerations such as individuals rights and justice. This is because Utilitarianism only considers the consequence of an action. This objection is highlighted in a case concerning an innocent man whose was wrongfully convicted of a crime. In 1974, England, Gerry Conlon was falsely imprisoned, for the bombing of a pub in the town of Guilford, which killed five people. This case raises the issue that the consequences of an action should not be the only things considered when deciding which action to take. If a utilitarian was to view this case critics would argue that a utilitarian would have to conclude that even with, bad consequences resulting from convicting an innocent man, their would overall be more good consequences derived from the peace of mind gained from the loved one of the deceased, as well as the community of Guilford. Critics of Utilitarianism would argue that greater consequences would result in convicting the innocent man, therefore Utilitarianism is unable to regard the importance of justice, this philosophy must therefore be wrong. With the objection that Utilitarianism cannot accommodate for the importance of justice, a utilitarian would address this concern with the response that by choosing the action that results in the best consequences, justice will ultimately be protected. Justice will always be protected even if it is not a utilitarian ultimate purpose. In regards to Gerry Conlon case, a utilitarian would never choose to convict an innocent man of a crime he didn’t commit because, even if more happiness was achieved in the short run through this false conviction, in the long run more unhappiness is likely to result. In the long run the guilty man would be likely to bomb again or commit another crime, also if the liar was discovered then the situation would cause greater disutility than utility, and may result in the dispatch of the justice system, as-well as great upset for the deceased family members who thought the bomber had already been punished. Therefore even though Utilitarianism doesn’t accommodate the moral consideration of justice directly, greater utility will always be created from upholding the justice system. The other aspect of the objection address criticism that Utilitarianism doesn’t accommodating individuals rights, therefore critics believe Utilitarianism must be wrong. A utilitarian would argue that just because rights are not directly considered in relation to the consequences of an action, they do in-fact have some impact on the chosen action. With majority of the population getting happiness out of doing the right thing, rights are often protected through Utilitarianism. For the small minority of people that don’t experience unhappiness from disregarding human rights, the existence of the police force ensures human right are protected from these members of society. With human rights being protected under law, people rights will be upheld under Utilitarianism because there will always be a larger amount of disutility from violating the law than from the personal gains of a human right offender. For example the CEO and CFO of Tyco a New Jersey-based company stole $150 million and inflated Tyco incomes by $500 million, in doing so they violated the rights of investors. After the police discovered this fraud, the justice system penalized both, with a sentence of 8-25 years in prison with the addition of $2. 92 billion paid to Tyco Investors. Under Utilitarianism this case wouldn’t occur because the benefits of stealing this money would never outweigh the consequences that result from being caught for defrauding investors. Therefore even though rights are not considered in the consequence of an action, they have a strong connection with the chosen action. Word- 992.

Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels Essay -- Environment Pollution Es

Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels cause pollution, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels really do negatively impact our environment, especially when it comes to global warming, Although there is controversy over whether or not fossil fuels are causing the planet to warm, or whether it is warming naturally, there is significant research that supports the former hypothesis. When fossil fuels are burned, they emit different levels of carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by a staggering twenty- five percent. It has also been implied that fossil fuels are associated with increased levels of nitrous oxide and methane, although they are not the main sources of these gasses. Carbon dioxide is a gas that traps heat in our atmosphere, and helps keep the planet at livable temperature. However, climatologists are now predicting that if the levels of carbon dioxide continue to increase, the temperature will rise and a number of different impacts can or will occur (Union). Among the many possible impacts of global warming, are more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the melting of glaciers. However, while researching, I stumbled upon a site that showed possible impacts, and where they would be most likely to occur. The key to the map had two different categories, â€Å"Harbingers†, and â€Å"Fingerprints†. Harbingers are â€Å"events that fores...

How accurate does truth universally acknowledged prove to be in the novel Pride and Prejudice? Essay

This essay is concerned with studying examples of courtship and engagement in relation the marriages they produce. Jane Austen’s exciting novel explores the paths taken by young men and women, living in a time when pride and prejudice influenced people’s actions and behavior. Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice in the early nineteenth century, when social etiquette was strict and uniformly. Every male born became an heir to his family’s fortune, every female’s aim in life was to marry and secure her home. Inevitably, this would take away an element of romance to a marriage if it happened on the basis of economical reasons. Austen wrote a novel with a main theme of marriage, although love is mentioned only occasionally. Austen appears to be sceptical of the qualities of passionate love, and more approving of true love that is based upon respect, gratitude and understanding of one another. Hence the character Elizabeth Bennet, who was one of Jane Austen’s favourite characters. Women could not inherit their family’s fortune, which meant that every un-married woman lost their home and possessions when their father died, thus lay the importance of marriage to them. Men could be self sufficient, and not have a direct need to get married, although an heir was important to carry on their family name and fortune. These factors affected women’s perspectives of marriage. Was love important enough to attribute to a good marriage? Many women, like Charlotte Lucas knew that the aspect of love would have to be ignored when, at the age of 27 she was not already wed. Mr Collins is the cousin of Mr Bennet, who, with five daughters, knew what would happen to the un-married amongst them when he passed away. Mr Collins would inherit the Bennet estate, Longbourn. ‘Mr Collins was not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society’ (Chap 15) He is a humorous character in the novel, incredibly verbose, absent-minded and un-subtle. When he proposes and is declined by Elizabeth, claiming primarily that she is in no financial position to decline him, he is very condescending and is obvious about his economical reasons for marriage, and does not once mention love. His decision for marriage was prompted by his employer Lady Catherine De Bourgh and he makes reference towards her whilst proposing to Elizabeth; ‘It is the particular advice and recommendation of the very lady whom I have the honor of calling Patroness’ (Chap 19) Lady Catherine De Bourgh employed Mr Collins as a Clergyman on her estate at Rosings, and she would see it as fit that a man with a respectable career and moderate fortune should marry. Elizabeth is civil in her reply to him; ‘You could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who would make you so’ (Chap 19) When Charlotte declares to Elizabeth of her and Mr Collins’ engagement Elizabeth questions her mercenary motives for marrying, and is unhappy that she knows her good friend will not ever be truly happy. ‘Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance’ (Chap 6) – Charlotte. Charlotte enlightens Elizabeth on the fact that she values security and comfort above love, ‘I am not romantic you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home’ (Chap 22) Mrs Bennet is superficial, ignorant, short tempered, proud and judgmental. She has made it her occupation in life to marry off her five young daughters. She was clearly distressed when Elizabeth turns down Mr Collins, and goes straight to Mr Bennet for assistance, ‘Oh! Mr Bennet, you are wanted immediately; we are all in an uproar. You must come and make Lizzy marry Mr Collins’ (Chap 20) Mr Bennet is a sharp, witty and sarcastic toward Mrs Bennet, whom he married because he was ‘captivated by youth and beauty’ (Chap 42). They married young, as most people did and confesses to Elizabeth later in the novel that he ‘married a woman whose weak understanding and illiberal mind had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection for her’ (Chap 42) Their relationship in the book is one of humour, as Mr Bennet took delight in annoying Mrs Bennet, ‘Mr Bennet. You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor nerves’ (Chap 1) Mr Bennet and Mrs Bennet’s marriage is also very formal, as they both call each other by their titles Mr and Mrs. They are obviously not a happy couple due to their complete difference in character and their bickering. Wickhams marriage to Lydia is much the same as Mr and Mrs Bennet’s. Wickham is drawn in by Lydia’s youthful flirting and energy, and when they elope then Wickham is paid to marry Lydia (Chap 49) by Darcy. The fact that money had to be included suggests that the marriage was economical, yet Mr Wickham, as we already know from past chapters, is a gambler and a liar. There could be no love involved from his part, and Lydia would be flippant enough to believe herself in love. Neither partner truly cares for the other, and this is why their marriage is similar to that of the Bennets. Elizabeth’s first impression of Mr Darcy is not a pleasant one. Darcy refuses to dance, when pointed toward Elizabeth, ‘She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me’ (Chap 3) Darcy’s pride leads him to be prejudiced by many of the women at the Ball. Especially Mrs Bennet who explains her dislike to Mr Bennet afterwards, ‘He walked here, and he walked there, fancying himself so very great! Not handsome enough to dance with! I wish you had been there, my dear, to have given him one of your set downs. I quite detest the man’ (Chap 3) Elizabeth’s pride is hurt and she too is quick to be prejudiced about Darcy, this is her main fault throughout the novel. Elizabeth and Jane are very different; Jane is very passive and strives to see the best in everyone, whereas Elizabeth is more intelligent and observant when judging characters. Jane suggests that the reason for Darcy’s rudeness and pride is shyness, which happens to be the real reason behind his apparent inhospitality at Netherfield. The Bennet’s are of a lower class to Darcy and Bingley. Mr Bingley was good natured and well mannered, and Darcy, in contrast with Bingley seemed proud and unsociable. ‘There is not another woman in the room, whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with’ (Chap 3) The irony in this chapter is that, in her desperate attempt to impress and arrange single men for her daughters, Mrs Bennet is rude, poorly sophisticated and embarrassing, therefore affecting the chance of men being interested. It is clear when Miss Bingley opens the subject of Mrs Bennet’s lack of grace upon Darcy, that he is troubled by it. Darcy is already attracted to Elizabeth’s independence and wit, despite Miss Bingley’s attempts to deter his thoughts. Elizabeth meanwhile meets Mr Wickham and makes a wrong judgement of character. Wickham manipulates Elizabeth’s original dislike for Darcy, by telling her scandalous lies about him. When Darcy first proposes to Elizabeth, it is unfortunate that Colonel Fitzwilliam has told her that Darcy is the reason Bingley had left Netherfield. Elizabeth cares dearly for her sister and she is even more appalled that it is Darcy who has caused her unhappiness. Darcy approaches Elizabeth believing that his proposal would be accepted. Wickham’s words against him unbeknown. He is not tactful enough to change Elizabeth’s dislike for him. ‘He spoke well, but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed, and he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride’ (Chap 34) Elizabeth is civil in her reply, which shows her strength of character, although she is aggrovated, ‘I cannot – I have never desired your good opinion, and you have certainly bestowed it most unwillingly’ (Chap 34) She carry’s on to accuse him of her sister’s unhappiness, and perhaps the turning point in the book, when she reveals Mr Wickham’s lies. ‘Your character was unfolded in the recital which I received many months ago from Mr Wickham’ (Chap 34) They are both very angry; Darcy insults Elizabeth’s social status and ‘inferior connections’. She retaliates, ‘had you behaved in a more gentleman-like manner’ (Chap 34) Darcy’s astonishment is great, and he leaves immediately. Upon receiving Darcy’s letter, Elizabeth re-evaluates some things. It is due to her family’s lack of credibility and breeding that is the cause of Jane’s unhappiness. She realises that she has been ‘partial, prejudiced and absurd’ (Chap 36) and this gains Darcy some respect, even though she still does not find him agreeable. The letter in itself made it clear to Elizabeth that Darcy really cared enough to write and explain himself, and he also bestowed trust upon her when he chose to explain about Wickham and Georgiana’s near elopement. Wickham’s main objective being Miss Darcy’s fortune of thirty thousand pounds. Elizabeth discusses Darcy’s proposal and Wickham with Jane. She analyses, ‘One has got all goodness, and the other all the appearance of it’ (Chap 40) People like Wickham could be judged on how well they displayed their manners and good breeding in public, at a time of strict rules for public behavior. Another meeting between Elizabeth and Darcy is when she visits Pemberly. She is told many things about Darcy that are the opposite of what she had previously thought of him. The housekeeper of Pemberly says, ‘He was always the sweetest-tempered, most generous-hearted boy in the world’ Chap 43 Elizabeth perception is changed, she is no longer as prejudiced toward him, and thinks him more civil and kindhearted. This is partly due to her maturing and swallowing her own pride. Darcy has changed his proud manner and is very accommodating to Elizabeth and the Gardiner’s when they are at Pemberly. The most exciting and exhilarating section of the novel are chapters fifty to sixty one. The horror of Lydia and Wickham’s elopement makes Mr Bennet realise his failure as a responsible parent, the scandal meant that the rest of the daughters would be thought unsuitable wives. Mr Darcy pays Wickham money to marry Lydia; Wickham’s blatant desire for money shows his superficiality and is the beginning of another marriage devoid of happiness. Later in his second proposal to Elizabeth, when she thanks him for his kindness, Darcy justifies his contribution, ‘But your family owe me nothing. Much as I respect them, I believe, I only thought of you.’ (Chap 58) Elizabeth has found her happiness in a relationship of loving respect and mutual suitability. When Jane Austen handles the second proposal she is careful to show that there is no physical contact, and little eye contact. The way that the normally calm and collected Elizabeth stumbles over her words and reveals her inner thoughts to Darcy show a revelation in character. In conclusion, the statement presented by Mrs Bennet; ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife’ is not accurate. Mrs Bennet’s small mindedness and ignorance mean that she can not understand alternative reasons for marriage. Mr Collins and Wickham could prove this statement correct, as money did pay a part in their decisions to marry; yet they are depicted as scandalous or idiotic characters in the novel. Mr Darcy and Mr Bingley’s attitudes to marriage were different as, instead of money being a prime factor pushing them to marry, compatibility was considered, pride overcome and prejudice put behind them, to produce love in a marriage.

How Accurate Is It To Describe The Government Between 1822-30 As Liberal Tories? Essay

When we use the word Liberal, its intended meaning is open to opinion. The person or group is very open-minded and open to change. The Tories during 1822-30 appeared to be very Liberal at this time. They appeared to be changing their minds on a number of issues, such as Religious Freedom, Political Rights and Free Trade. They also appeared to be changing their attitudes about people’s freedom of expression. The Six Acts, created to prevent people grouping together, in fear of a revolution. This Act was abolished as the masses appeared to be content with life, and not in an uproar with the country. The Tories appeared to be Liberal with the supposed arrival of new men into the Cabinet. Lord Goderich was introduced as Chancellor of the Exchequer. William Huskisson became President of the Board of Trade. With George Canning also becoming Foreign Secretary. These new men brought with them new ideas and propositions to the House of Commons. Compared to the previous men they appeared brilliant. But the truth was these men were not new at all. They were simply back-benchers from the Cabinet, rarely seen doing anything. They were brought forward into the main Cabinet in order to please the people. Compared to the old Cabinet they were nothing new, but to the people they appeared radical and open to change. Really it was just their better ability of conveying ideas to the Commons, which made them appear brilliant. All their supposed new ideas were also nothing new. They were all ideas that had been thought up years ago, from the years of Pitt. These ideas were postponed due to war or economic crisis, and the new Cabinet simply set the ball rolling again. On the Economic side of things, a lot changed. The Corn Laws were placed on a sliding scale by 1828, ensuring cheaper food prices for all. Duties on trade relaxed. With reduced costs for materials, it paved the way for wage increases in the workplace. With lower taxes, foreign countries were ready to trade with Britain. Compared to the previous Protectionism trade of previous years, this appeared absolute Free Trade. And with the Reciprocity of Duties Act and relaxation of the Navigation Acts, trade seemed to be booming. But these changes weren’t totally Liberal. The sliding scaled for the Corn Laws may have reduced the cost of corn, costs remained high. Rather that 80s a quarter, it was reduced to 70s. It may have seemed to be paving the way to new, cheaper living, but very little changed. Although trade was rather free, compared to previous years, it still remained tightly controlled. Free Trade only appeared in order to benefit the Government, not in order to help the people. The Exchequer received increased income from the heightened trade. But most importantly it reduced the increasing problem of smuggling, which was a big problem during the times of high taxation in trade. The cheaper costs of materials for factories and other such workplaces, did not create the wage increases expected. People still suffered with a low wage and poor living conditions. Socially the country experienced great change. The Penal Code was rewritten. Sentences for crimes were lessened, to ensure the Law was easily enforceable. Previously many people were seen not guilty due to the high penalty of death for such minor offences such as stealing. The Gaols Act cleaned up the prisons of the country. Trade Unions were once again legal, and allowed people to discuss disputes with their manager over items such as pay and work hours. But these Trade Unions were not allowed to strike, thus making them rather powerless. Such reforms in the Penal code and new Acts such as Gaols, were in fact not new at all. They were all thought up during the time of the Napoleonic Wars, and were placed on the back-burner of Governmental issues. But with the â€Å"new† group of people in Cabinet, now was the time to pass these changes. Politically little changed. Nothing was changed about the electoral system itself except for Grampound. In 1821 Grampound was disenfranchised. It lost its MPs because it was a rotten-borough. The seats were moved to Leeds by the House of Commons. Leeds being a large industrial city. But the House of Lords intervened and forced the seats to go to Yorkshire instead, where they knew there would be little opposition from the people. This goes to show that despite all changes the House of Lords still had overall power in the Government. Ironic since they are the only ones who are not voted into Parliament. Lord John Russell gets 164 votes for his reform Bill but the Commons still opposed to the proposition, believing that the people were content with what they had and that there was no need for reform. Religiously nothing would have happened if it wasn’t for Daniel O’Connell. If he had not won the vote in the bi-election, despite him being a Catholic, this would not have happened. In 1829 Catholic Emancipation was finally allowed, which gave the Catholics and Non-Conformists the same rights as Protestants in the country. The Government only allowed it due to the fear of rebellion in Ireland, which they could not allow no matter what. Also the Test of Corporations was repealed in 1828. In conclusion the Liberal Tories were in fact the same as they had been in previous years. They were no more Liberal than before. The only reason the appeared Liberal was due to the apparent new men on the Cabinet, whose ability to speak well in the Commons, made them appear very liberal. Almost all ideas they brought forward had been created in the days of Pitt. They just re-ignited the flame and set the ball rolling again. The only things that may have appeared very Liberal would have been the passing of Catholic Emancipation and the idea of Free Trade. But these two ideas were only created to appease problems the Government faced. The uprising and possible rebellion in Ireland forced them to pass Catholic Emancipation. While the increasing problem of smuggling and evasion of trade duties, meant the Government needed to relax the laws on trading. Also compared to the Whig Reformers of 1830-41, they could not possibly be called Liberal Tories

How to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer

How to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer If you’ve welcomed a baby into your family (or have seen your cousin’s nonstop Facebook updates about her pregnancy), you’re probably familiar with the basics of what a sonographer does: he or she takes pictures of a fetus in utero. What you may not know is that sonographers aren’t just involved in the pregnancy process. They use equipment to diagnose a variety of medical conditions throughout the body, including the abdomen, chest, cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. Diagnostic medical sonographers are essential medical professionals as the medical technology field continues to develop and give us even clearer glimpses into the furthest reaches of our bodies.The Day-to-DaySonographers work one-on-one with patients, using imaging equipment (often in concert with x-rays, MRIs, CAT scans, and nuclear medicine studies) to help diagnose and treat internal medical injuries and illnesses. They are usually found in hospitals, but may also work in private clinics or other specialized healthcare settings. Diagnostic medical sonographers generally work full-time (typically 37 hours or more per week), but may have evening and weekend shifts instead of a standard Monday-Friday schedule. They are frequently on call, and should be ready to work on short notice when needed.For more on the daily life of a sonographer, check out this video: So You Want to Be a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer.The RequirementsDiagnostic medical sonographers should have strong backgrounds in math and science, with an associate’s degree or higher preferred- though some employers may hire directly from high school and provide on-the-job training. Two-year programs for sonography are commonly found at colleges and universities, and if you’re interested you should seek out a program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. Depending on where you live, diagnostic medical sonographers might also need to be certified- so definitely check your state’s requirements.The SkillsThe dental hygiene field calls for a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Attention to detailEquipment knowledge and everyday useDiagnostic/analytical skillsClinical knowledgeInterpersonal skillsCommunication skillsPatient care techniquesThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for diagnostic medical sonographers is $62,540, or $30.07 per hour. And according to PayScale, the field has a very strong job satisfaction rating among surveyed sonographers.The OutlookDiagnostic medical sonography is a field that will be recruiting heavily for the foreseeable future. The BLS expects that the job will grow by at least 24% by 2024, much faster than average.If you decide to go into this rewarding healthcare field, great! Just don’t be like this medical professional, okay?Interested? APPLY HERE

Pick ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pick ad - Essay Example The imagery in the ad further reinforced this feeling of healthiness, with the Heineken having almost the exact same color as an apple (a traditionally healthy food) and being coated in water, something that is common in exercise imagery, implying that this will keep you hydrated and healthy. Though not being marketed as healthy per se, the ad attempts to connect Heineken to healthy concepts through imagery. This ad is for young, stylish men, and it attempts to connect with them both through positive body image (through the healthy angle) and through the clean, compact lines of the advertisement. There is another beer ad in the magazine, for Budweiser, but it goes more for the social angle, and does not directly compete in ideology. This is a good investment, as it makes Heineken seem like a healthy, young, vibrant drink, something which beer often has trouble doing, so it probably has a corner on the young, style-oriented beer drinking

Heritage Education and Interpretation Dissertation

Heritage Education and Interpretation - Dissertation Example Assessment Details Remember all parts of the Assessment are compulsory. Suggested Timescale Before Placement. †¢ Complete Task 1 – Skills Audit. During First Week. (w/c 1st May 2006) †¢ Contact Niesha Nicholson to confirm your placement details. †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Second Week. (w/c 8th May 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete 1 Learning Log Sheet. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Third Week. (w/c 15th May 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Fourth Week. (w/c 22rd May 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete 1 Learning Log Sheet. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Fifth Week. (w/c 29th May 2006) †¢ Placement Co-ordinator to make contact. †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Sixth Week. (w/c 5th June 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete 1 Learning Log Sheet. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Seventh Week (w/c 12th June 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. During Eighth Week. (w/c 19th June 2006) †¢ Complete 5 Daily Journal Sheets, one for each day. †¢ Complete 1 Learning Log Sheet. †¢ Complete CHNTO skills list. Assignment 1 Task 1 – Personal Skills Audit ... You can then look for development opportunities during your work experience. Please answer all the questions by ticking one of the boxes. Do not spend too long thinking about the answers, if you do not know if the question applies to you then tick 'don't know'. The audit should take no more than 15 minutes. You are examining your skills as they are now, not trying to tick every Yes box. There are no right or wrong answers. Remember - you are postgraduates, some of these skills will already be familiar to you! Personal Skills Audit Yes No Don't Know 1. As part of your course are you required to write a number of different written documents, essays, reports, etc. X 2. Do you make a point of listening attentively and seeking to understand what other people say X 3. Have you recently given a presentation to more than five people X 4. Have you recently worked with others, as part of a team, towards a goal or to complete a task X 5. Do you consistently meet and/or exceed targets (i.e. deadlines) X 6. Do you enjoy the challenge of solving problems X 7. Do you regularly analyse your performance and try to learn from it X 8. Do you identify ways of improving you own performance X 9. Are you familiar with the functions of a calculator and confident in applying them X 10. Are you able to use the different software packages available on the University PC clusters (Word, Excel, etc.) X 11. When writing an essay do you always prepare and work to an outline plan or structure X 12. Can you quickly establish a rapport with someone you've never met before X 13. Do you use a range of visual aids when giving a presentation, e.g. OHP's, flip chart, PowerPoint X 14. Have you made a substantial contribution to the planning and