Race in America Essay

The racial issues have become less significant in today’s society than in earlier days among the American people. In today’s society, many improved racial equality measures have been taken in order to ensure that the people of the United States are treated as if in one social group. Although many actions have been done to improve the equality of the people of America, racial issues still exists. Race in my opinion is the perception that an individual have towards any social group and can see differences from a visual aspect. Even though racial profiling, in the earlier days were a top issue in America, it is dying out and is replaced with the equal standards of today’s society. When people come in to contact with one another they tend notice differences they see in one another. These differences can be attributed to the genotype and phenotype variation between people. It tends to not be biologically significant to divide humans in to racial groups it is more of a social concept. The various characteristics such as skin color, shape of face, hair and eye color, nose shape and hair form are used in categorizing people in to specific races. Race is a powerful social concept that affects many aspects of our culture now and in our history. In the past you would see much more endogamy due to breeding isolates. But now with more social acceptance and modern transportation we are seeing much more exogamy. This in turn has widened the gene pool and allowed much more genetic variation. With these changes come less of a chance and or preference for inbreeding like we have seen in our history. Inbreeding tends to increase the chances for the offspring to have genetic disorders there for is harmful to the population. The problem with this social categorization system it tends to lead to certain races believing their traits are more favorable. Once it is believed that one race is better than other that type of thinking leads some to believe in biological determinism. Many wars have been found over the years because a group of people thought they were superior to another. Completely stupid concept but some simply cannot see beyond it. A prime example of this is the eugenics that was being practiced by Hitler. He convinced and or scared an entire nation in to persecuting the Jewish people of Germany. He believed that he was improving the Aryan race by his horrific actions. Which to be honest has always confused me. A man wanting to rid the world of dark haired non Aryan looking people, yet he himself did not fit in to his own category. It seems to me that concentrating on our differences only opens the door to dividing us. We must learn from the past and look toward bettering the future, for all of our sakes.

Jesuit Relations Proposal Paper Essay

The views taken by the Jesuits and Hurons towards medicine and disease varied during the spread of old world disease among the native population of North America. These two groups had very different ways of dealing with the diseases and there use of medicine. Throughout the reading of chapter 3 in the Jesuit Relations book, we see certain ways that these two groups collided heads because they did not seem to agree with each other’s methods. They (Jesuits and Hurons) both wanted to do help their town population and the only ways they knew what to do is what their culture and people had already done years before. Some of the methods of these groups worked while others not so much. First point of view to be touched on is the Jesuits and what their role was during the old-world diseases. The Jesuits really focused on the question of why rather than how disease spread (The Jesuit Relations, page. 71). They questioned it, meaning disease, and believed that it was God’s plan to get certain people sick to â€Å"punish the wicked, test the resolution of the virtuous, or simply gather souls to heaven† (The Jesuit Relations, page 71). They thought God was testing them and was punishing certain groups or people. The Jesuits were already immune to some of the diseases that is why there population did not get hit as hard by some of the old-world diseases then others. Their main idea was that they (Jesuits) are that they were not doctors. All they wanted to do is to save the souls of the sick, and as well as that they baptized the dead. The Jesuits did not believe in reviving and curing the dead. This was all apart of Gods way and the sick would be baptized and join his or her family and friends in heaven. That was their idea and these people understood this and believed that it was the right thing to do; it was the way of God. Another idea they believed in was that if a person is ill, that he or she should isolate themselves from the rest of the population. They could not help or do anything so it was better for them to be on their own until they were cured of their illness. This idea was very popular back home but when they ventured to the new world and saw what other people were doing, it really did not stick with them well. While they believed in their own ideas, they also would see what the Hurons did for their medicine and curing abilities. The Jesuits were surprised that the Hurons were so in touch with mother earth and not God. This really set the Jesuits and they did not like the new ideas. They could not believe that the Hurons did not believe in going to heaven. From the excerpt, The Help We Have Given to the Sick of Our Village, from the Jesuit Relation book â€Å"For my part, I have no desire to go to heaven; I know no one there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Jesuit Relations, Page 81) this shows the Huron’s point of view for heaven. The Jesuits could not understand this unspiritual answer; they questioned the native and all they had to say. As the Jesuits have their ways of dealing with the disease, the Hurons had their own ways of dealing with the diseases as well. The Hurons were people of the land and had their own ways of dealing with the old-world diseases. As I mentioned earlier, the Hurons did not believe in going to heaven and baptizing the dead like the Jesuits felt. Hurons believed in natural medicines and curing people through sports as well as through spiritual healings. They felt as though they knew mother earth and knew that there were natural cures for certain sicknesses. Many Huron procedures involved the sickened personal mind and body. At first I was shocked that they played sports back in this time but as you think about it, it was a great idea on their behalf. â€Å"Little demon as large as a fist† (The Jesuit Relations, Huron Medical Practice, Page 72) this what the Hurons believe causes the pain in a sick person. They thought that some of these demons would come into your body when you are sleeping at night to enter your body through your dreams. To get these demons out and to be cured, the sick person would either play some sports or go through spiritual healings. They believed that these sports like Lacrosse, Dish and Straw (The Jesuit Relations, Page 73), were good for the body and they could run it off to keep the body healthy. The demons would exit their body through these sports and thus curing the sick person. Hurons would have big games and tournaments when they thought there was a bad epidemic as well as when there were multiple people ill. These people that were sick were advised to show up to the games so they could finally be healed. If the person who is sick cannot make it to the game then they have to be patient and wait while his people play for his wellbeing. It brought everyone together and these people, that were ill, brought all their lucky stuff and believed that it would help them overcome their illness too. The whole community was supportive. The Jesuits were shocked at this way of treatment because they did not think that would help the people and it was a waste of time, but to the Hurons it was their way of life. Not only did they think sports would help but also through spiritual healing and natural medicines like certain herbs. The sickened would go to these shamans, a spiritual / medical specialist, who would tell them what their best option would be. Sometimes it would be sports; other times they would give the sickened certain herbs that will cure their disease. It was a long process but it worked for the Hurons. The Hurons also sometimes blamed the Jesuits for some of the diseases that entered their land and believed that Jesuits were hostile sorcerers. As we can see, these two groups did truly have different views and roles on the diseases and medicines of this time. Each group’s views were shocking to each other because they could not agree with which methods worked better and what was more reliable. In the eyes of the Jesuits, they believe that it is the way of God. Sickened people need to isolate themselves and try to cure themselves, but if they do perish then their soul shall go to heaven. The way of the Jesuits is just God is on your side and it is ok to die because you will go to heaven. On the other hand you have the Hurons who are people of mother earth and sports. They believe that the sickened need to play sports to be cured and to have shamans perform mind and body work on the individual to be cured. The way of the Hurons is more natural and makes you fight for your life. The ideas are very different but those are the roles that these the Jesuit and Huron groups played during this time, which signifies and shapes each group into who they are.

Issues Journalism is Facing with Regard to New Technologies in the Essay

Issues Journalism is Facing with Regard to New Technologies in the Contemporary Period - Essay Example Newspapers and television broadcasts were being used, which were expensive, but today with the advancement in technology and the onset of the digital age, news coverage has been simplified (Sloan and Parcell, 2002). New technologies have come in to solidify news coverage, and despite the fact that news coverage requires the journalists to have skills, the new technologies have come in to provide the audience with more choices of where to get information and interact with others. Journalists have been forced to get skills in news coverage so that they can make their broadcasts appealing to the viewers. Today, live broadcasts are increasingly gaining familiarity and journalists are able to pass their messages conveniently by including videos in their broad casts. This has played a crucial role in ensuring that the viewers understand the message being passed by relating to the video since it provides them with the opportunity to understand the issue being discussed. The coverage of news on television has also been enhanced by the new technologies, which enable journalists to report live from a scene that is far away from their studios. The use of satellites has made this possible as the journalists communicate directly to the studio then to the audiences’ television sets. ... This has enhanced the work of journalists as they are able to pass information to their audience efficiently. It is also notable, that mobile phones are used in radio broadcast where the journalists will repot about some information directly through their mobile phones to their stations and then this is broadcasted on the radios and television broadcasts. This has increased the efficiency of broadcasts since journalists do not have to travel to their stations to report on the coverage they record. Through e-mails and the ability to transmit news through the telecommunication infrastructure, virtual news rooms have been created, and they have enabled journalists to work from the field without having to visit the actual news room. News editors are then given the task of manipulating the news content so that they can transmit it to the audience in the most effective way. This has improved news coverage since there can be many journalists in various parts of the world hence there is a la rge pool of information. Consequently, this increases the efficiency of media house since they are able to transmit the real time occurrences and from different parts of the world (Pavlik, 2009). Virtual news rooms also have the potential of eliminating costs that would be incurred when maintaining a production center. This is because the communication networks are managed by systems and this makes it more efficient in terms of cost and reliability. The digital age has enhanced relationships between journalists and their audience as there is more direct interaction between journalists and their audience. Online newspapers are offering features that were not present in the traditional printed newspapers. The online newspapers provide a feature where readers can make comments

Critique of Aristotle's Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of Aristotle's Politics - Essay Example Other types include tyranny, oligarchy and democracy, which are considered bad ones. It has been argued that there are a number of advantages and disadvantages that come with the type of government in practice. This affects the level of benefits of the people as well as the level of peace in a government. Benefits and disadvantages are associated with the types of government that Aristotle discusses in his classification of empires. This paper provides a discussion of those pros and cons. It also provides the argument whether these forms of rule would be suitable for the administration of the Roman Empire. Discussion One of the first political structures Aristotle refers to is a monarchy. He distinguishes a monarchy noting that, â€Å"The rule of a household is a monarchy, for every house is under one head: whereas constitutional rule is a government of freemen and equals† (Aristotle 279). Aristotle goes on to indicate that the major pros of a political monarchy are that the h ead of state is separated from the head of government. It has also been noted that there exists a great relationship between the leader and the people if the leader is a monarch. This is because people see the Royal Family as a family they can relate to. Indeed, at one point Aristotle even compares a monarchy to a family, with the head of the household constituting the King or Queen. The other pro is that this form of leadership ensures the interest of the nation is placed first in preference to other considerations. It is also a form of government that represents centuries of history and tradition. It is considered a tourist attraction due to its archaic nature, and tourists usually come to see the working palaces. This type of empire would have been successful in the Roman Empire during the reign of Diocletian which started in 284 CE. Since the monarch divided the empire into two, it would have ensured loyalty to the monarch from the eastern and the western empires. This would ens ure cases of disagreements and rebellion against the monarch are prevented. Aristocracy, on the other hand, is a form of rule which ensures the best rulers. There are certain pros associated with this form of rule. The main one is that it ensures the best people who can rule the country are given the authority to do so if the present leadership is hereditary. This ensures the country is ruled by the right people in the right direction. This form of rule would have been successful in the Roman Empire. In these regards, one considers that Aristotle extols the virtues of the aristocracy as being effective with many strongholds (Aristotle). The Roman Empire had various problems from attacks from the Vandals in 455 CE. This led to the removal of the Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus from power by the Odovacar, a paid mercenary of the Romans as well as the leader of the Goths. This is what resulted in the end of the Roman Empire. The selection of the right leader would ensure he puts the ri ght defensive measures to ensure the people are protected and the multitude of strongholds would have constituted an effective defensive measure. This would have contributed to the continued existence of the Roman Empire. Tyranny can also be considered to have certain pros with respect to the Roman Empire. This is because only a tyrant is allowed to act in a manner that he wants without considering ethics. It allows the society to run free by assuming control irrespective to the nature of the control. Aristotle notes,

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Education - Essay Example The first reason why America is the best place to get high education is that there are many universities across the United States that offer quality education to a vast number of students. They spread out to many regions and offer all types of courses that the student can choose from depending on their abilities and interests. Some of the top universities in the world are found in America such as Harvard, Yale, and Oxford Universities. This offers a platform for bright students from all over the world to interact and acquire knowledge of great value from each other. As a result, the students have a chance to choose from the many universities at their disposal. These many universities ensure that every student has the opportunity to further their studies and become the profession of their choice. Depending on their preference and determination, they can enter any type of university they want so that they can learn and be able to practice in their areas of expertise. They get to share ideas and learn from the fellow students who also specialize in the same course. The second reason is that the Universities in America have many facilities that the students can use. These include laboratories, libraries and sports fields, which are available to all students who need to use them. The students are taught in these facilities and at their own time utilize them to advance their learning. They have a chance to perform research, make discoveries, and prove theories that they have been learning about. They also have qualified teachers from whom they can ask questions, confirm answers, and ensure they get high-quality education. These results from the students show that they are able to learn different skills besides what they study in the classroom. The research done in the libraries and laboratories improves the ability of the students to be creative and innovative.

Global Studies Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Studies Paper - Essay Example In many ways, the authors promote a type of behavioral analysis in the affairs of international law and governance, rather than the traditional abstract thought and philosophy which is used generally to mask the motivations of the agents involved. Aseem Prakash and Matthew Potosk take this methodology even further in their analysis â€Å"The International Organization for Standardization as a global governor: a club theory perspective† by examining the organizations and groups that actually control local governance through game theory and focusing on â€Å"clubs† as a means through which individuals organize for particular goals locally. (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) The authors use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) group as a paradigmatic example of this activity and as a model of a â€Å"global governor in the area of international product and management systems standardization.† (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) In critically reviewing both articl es, it is evident that Avant, Finnemore and Sell

Analyzing Geoff Moore's Chasm Model Research Paper

Analyzing Geoff Moore's Chasm Model - Research Paper Example This group needs to be first taken into consideration for they would help in endorsing the new technology being introduced. The second group relates to such people who are known as the early adopters. These people tend to identify the benefits related to a technological innovation and thereby tend to increasingly link such benefits to the operations conducted in their firm or organization. Further these people tend to work more based on the level of their intuition and thereby does not tend to depend on any referred source of study or knowledge. The third adopter segment identified in this model is referred to as early majority. Like early adopters these people also work on their level of intuition in regards to decision making or purchase actions. However unlike early adopters these people work in a pragmatic fashion such that they measure or evaluate their actions against referred or authentic sources of information. Hence they not only successful into entering new territories but also can gain high amount of revenue and profits. Another adopter group in the fourth category relates to late majority people. These people however tend to avoid being drawn to new technologies or innovations. Rather they tend to depend on standardized and well recognized sources to gain resources for their business. Thus gaining over this source helps the research and development team to counter the loss of profits and rather meet the expenses incurred. The final group of adopters in the fifth category relate to a population known as laggards that do not go for new technology products. Rather they tend to depend on other products for their survival. Moore’s Chasm thus refers to the difference between the two segments of technological diffusion relating to the early adopters and the groups known as the early majority. The first group is understood as potential visionaries that tend to bring about new thoughts and ideologies while the latter are held to depend on pragmatic id eas (Dams 88; Moore 12-13). The Chasm Model in Regards to Consumer Behavior The Chasm theory of Moore’s when dealt in regards to consumer behavior identifies early adopters as those people that rush over to the market place in sight of new technology or products being introduced. In other words the early adopter group of consumers tends to take to higher purchase risks in that they go for untested products that have been introduced in the market. However it must also be understood in here that the early adopters also endeavor to look for specific value in regards to the products they ought to procure from the market. Thus a separate culture needs to be developed where the consumers would be introduced to the values and benefits they ought to obtain from the product or service. Unlike the early adopters the early majority consists of such population groups that would not go for rightly procuring a product or service unless and until they have rightly evaluated such to satisfy their needs and aspirations. Henceforth these people need not be introduced to values and benefits of the products. Rather they endeavor to conduct a market research on the people who have been using such product or service. The process through which the behavior pattern of the early adopters can be infused to look for proper benefits and positive experiences before procuring such can be held as a means to earn a breakthrough in

Service Project for Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Project for Diabetes - Essay Example (CDC's Diabetes Program). Diabetes normally strikes persons above forty when the body system begins to slow down and physical activities decrease. A careless, sedentary lifestyle further aggravates the risks and complications arising out of this ailment. Lack of control and medication adversely affects the eyes, kidneys, heart, the nervous system and blood vessels. Diabetes can also be hereditary. The best way to prevent or control the disease is through a regimen of regular physical activities, diet and maintenance of normal blood sugar level and medical care. For type-2 diabetes, there are chances to delay or even prevent the development of the disease through modest lifestyle, regular routine of physical exercise and improved nutrition. (Nancy Jane Heilman, p.9). Economically backward and illiterate groups such as aborigines and tribes are more vulnerable to the ravages of the disease, since there is little to serve as inducements to incorporate changes to control and treat diabetes for healthier standard of living. The target Hispanic group in the South Valley District urgently need counseling and care in organized, time-bound manner so that they not only get access to medical care but also the opportunity to suitably modify their lifestyle necessary in controlling the disease. This is easier said than done among communities strongly rooted in age-old, traditional way of living However, it is very important to educate the community to alter their life style. A consistent schedule intertwining diet, physical activities and check up, daily follow up and feedback is bound to produce results. Initially, all activities must be geared to building relationship and winning the confidence of the community and learning their way of life. The cost factor The annual cost of treatment per patient works out to approximately US$3500 in tribal areas. Since the community is backward and poor, the cost must be borne by the health department through government and other donor grants. (The Provincial Diabetes Plan, p.8). Create awareness The purpose of the project is to reach diabetic patients within the Hispanic community and provide them with medical care and instructions on dietary intake and physical activities that help sustain a healthy lifestyle. It is critically important to educate them about the risk factors in the absence or avoidance of dietary controls and medical support. Further, inform them about the modifiable and non-modifiable aspects of diabetes, that is, certain factors like eating habits, stress, smoking and consumption of alcohol are modifiable, but hereditary, family history, gender and age are non-modifiable. To begin with, shortlist the names and other data of individuals displaying symptoms of diabetes from medical records available with primary health care centers and other health care agencies. Educating the community about diabetes is just as important as educating the individual patient. Besides, there are others who may not be diabetic but benefit from timely intervention to prevent the disease. Hospitals, dispensaries and other health care units' involvement is mandatory in order to successfully organize a 12-weeks'

Mergers And Joint Ventures Essay Example for Free

Mergers And Joint Ventures Essay A company does not plan on merging with another company and although some mergers are voluntary other mergers are not. When a company is struggling, having financial difficulties and has used up all of its resources sometime it is in the best interest to merge. It is important for companies to understand the different mergers and to pick the best solution. Below team D will discuss the differences between a horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate merger and how those mergers differ from joint ventures. Horizontal Mergers Horizontal mergers are the combining of two or more companies in the same industry that are competitors. An example would be Sirius Satellite and XM radio. The benefit of this merger is a decrease in competition for all the companies involved. The disadvantages of this merger is that a horizontal merger is considered hostile due to a larger company â€Å"taking over† the smaller company and it feeling more like an acquisition than a merger (wiseGEEK, 2014). Another drawback is the companies not requiring to disclose or share all trade secrets resulting in jealousy and/or resentment. Vertical Mergers Vertical mergers are more common and the companies involved in this merger do not compete directly in the same market. A vertical merger is a combination of two companies that produce different products or services and come together to produce one specific product. One of the merging companies would be the buyer of products and the other company would be the supplier (Colander, 2013). An advantage of this merger is lower costs due to the  company not having to pay for the materials from the supplier. A disadvantage of this merger is forcing suppliers out of business and anti-trust issues. Conglomerate Merger Unlike horizontal and vertical mergers, a conglomerate merger is less personal and merges two companies in different markets that are unrelated to each other to grow financially and to increase their market share. An advantage of this merger is the advantage to reach a bigger audience. When two companies merge together they have access to the other companies’ market base. The size of the companies can be an advantage or disadvantage. The size can be a disadvantage because of structure changes, i.e. an increase of employees as well as core values being lost due to the merge. Joint Venture Joint venture occurs when commercial enterprise is undertaken jointly by two or more parties and at the same time still maintaining their individual identities. Joint ventures seem a bit more beneficial when compared to mergers. One pro of joint venture is that the companies continue to exist as their own, whereas with mergers the two firms are one and no longer independent (Chron, 2014). An example of a joint venture is a cable and a phone company coming together offering both of their services like a bundle that offers special discounts. Conclusion The three different types of merges team d learned about are horizontal, vertical and conglomerate. We also learned the difference of the three and the advantages and disadvantages of the different mergers and how joint ventures differ from mergers. It is important for firms to knowledgeable about mergers and joint ventures so that they may make the best decisions for their firm. References Chron. (2014) Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-mergers-joint-ventures-18578.html Colander, D. C. (2013). Microeconomics (9th Ed.). New York, NY:

Middle School and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Middle School and Happiness Essay Happiness comes in all shapes and sizes. What makes you happy may not make someone else happy. The idea of happiness may not be the same for any two people, or maybe not for anyone you come across with. Happiness is an emotion causes by thousands of things. It is an abstract idea that cannot be fully described. What makes you happy changes as you get older, you do not like the same things your whole life so it is normal that your interests start to change. Like mentioned before not everyone has the same interests and cannot feel happiness from the same things. From firsthand experience I can say that I am the perfect example of finding different happiness. They have changed from my years in elementary school, middle school, and high school. Let’s start with elementary school. When I was in elementary school what brought me happiness was having time to spend at my friend’s house after school. Because I lived far away from the school that I attended I didn’t really know anyone in my neighborhood. There were days though that my parents would let me go to a friend’s house and stay there for a few hours while they got out of work. I didn’t have to be at my grandma’s house bored so that made me really happy, and I had a lot of fun while I was there so that made it even better. Another thing that made me feel happiness was being able to go two days out of the week to band practice. I liked being able to play my instrument and making beautiful sound come out of something so little. Playing with the band was my thing I could not stop smiling and feeling all this joy inside as I played. When the director put his arms up and signaled us to start playing was so thrilling knowing that we were about to make beautiful music all together. I think back and see how simple things made me really happy as a child. Now let’s talk about middle school. While I was in middle school I was still in band and yes it still brought me happiness. The main thing that brought me happiness while I was in middle school was being a little more free from home and my parents. If I remember correctly it was seventh grade that I went to my first dance, you can imagine my excitement. When I was at the dance my friends and I were having a great time, we were laughing and  dancing the whole time. Because it was my first dance it was a very fun time, and it brought so much happiness to be able to share that experience with my friends. When I was in high school all of my interests changed and even now I have the same interests. I found my passion for singing so I auditioned to join the school choir and I made it. Being in choir class was the best thing that I did when I was in high school. The happiness that I felt when I walked into that class every day I have no words to describe it. To top it all off when I started to sing and hear the chords we would all make together gave me the chills. There was not a single day that passed where hearing myself and others around me sing was not magical. When I would have a bad day I waited for third period to talk into class grab my folder from my cubic and start to sing and just forget about everything. Music was my escape from being upset, it was the way for me to forget about what was going on in my life. The happiness I felt was so great, even now I turn to music for help and comfort. In conclusion, happiness is an abstract emotion that cannot be easily defined. Not everyone feels happiness in the exact same way or from the same things. But no matter where our happiness comes from we all feel it. We feel it as kids, as teenagers, and as adults. Even though what causes us happiness may change the characteristics of it do not. The smile, the giggle, and the butterflies in your stomach do not disappear. From firsthand experience I know that we all go through phases, but not matter how old we get, we are always going to be happy.

Literature Review on Leadership Theories

Literature Review on Leadership Theories 1. Introduction This chapter examined the literature of leadership practices on organizational commitment among managers. The study of leadership is seen as complicated because there has not yet reached any agreement among the researchers in terms of the real meaning of leadership. Professions from different fields around the world such as researchers, philosophers, organizational leaders had attempted to define the concept and meaning of leadership (Woods, 2007). As there are a lot of definitions define by professions around the world about the term of leadership, this study helps to identify the concepts of leadership in order to improve leadership practices on organizational commitment. The elements that will be discussed in this chapter were about theories of leadership that have been argued centuries. Then the definitions of leadership practices and five dimensions of leadership practices will be explained in detail. Lastly, the definition of organizational commitment will also be identified and be elaborated in detail. 2. Leadership Theories There had been existence of arguments about the definition of leadership for several centuries (Woods, 2007). It was indicated that the term of leadership cannot be defined easily. However, the existence of leadership in an organization cannot be denied in terms of its role in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization (Grojean, Resick, Dickson Smith, 2004, p.224). The scientific study of leadership became popular on 20th century and a lot of studies at that time were mainly focused on the effectiveness of leadership (Weinberger, 2009; Yukl, 1998). Daft (2005) defined leadership as a relationship between two parties which were leaders and followers that who were willing to create a shared value and strive toward a shared missions and objectives together (Lee, 2008). Besides that, leadership consisted of the meaning that a leader acts as an example or role model for the employees so that they can follow the step of the leader on the path towards the accomplishment of their tasks (Knab, 2009). The members in an organization tend to create the perceptions of what capabilities and criteria should be posses by an effective leader. Therefore, leadership was seen as effective when the leaders are able to develop and maintain the commitment of the employees through efficient monitoring and encouragement (Knab, 2009). According to Weinberger (2009), leadership can be nurtured in the attitudes and behaviours of the people through consistent training and practices. As many leaders in the leading organizations today are unable to fulfil the needs of team. Therefore, the studies of the leadership in terms of teamwork had received attention by the researchers around the world (Carroll and Levy, 2010). This is because different leader have different attitudes and behaviours. Thus, they will perform in different types of leadership practices under different circumstances (Morgeson, DeRue, and Karam, 2010; McGrath, 1962). In current century, the requirement of a leader to practice well in the leadership is getting more difficult. For the situation nowadays, leaders have to confront with more dynamic environment compared to the working environment that was less challenge for a few centuries ago (Leonard and Lang, 2010). The effective leaders were those who were able to fulfil their obligation perfectly and were able to achieve the expectation of the organization and its stakeholders (Weinberger, 2009; Goleman, 2000). There is no comprehensive of the theory and meaning of the term leadership, so it is difficult to determine what a leader should react and how the leader should behave in a particular situation. Regardless of the various meaning and definition of leadership, it continues to be one of the most widely researched topics today. The previous research on leadership had spur out different types of leadership theories such as Great Man Theory, Trait theory, Contingency Theory, Behavioral Theory, Transactional Theory, and Transformational Theory. Each of the leadership theories mentioned has their own meaning and explanation. The existence of different types of leadership theories indicated the efforts of previous researchers in the studies of leadership. Those theories play important role for the further literature study of the leadership (Morgeson, DeRue, and Karam, 2010). The management styles in Asian countries are different with those in western countries. Therefore, there is difficult to practice the western style of leadership in Asian countries such as Malaysia. Consequently, the leadership styles and theories that are accepted by western countries may not have the notable impact on the management styles of organizations in Malaysia (Lee, 2008). Every leader is different in his or her attitudes, behaviours, and management styles. Hence, there is no single theory works for all leaders. Leaders need to develop their own leadership approach by learning more about the following leadership theories. Great Man Theory Trait theory Contingency Theory Leadership Theories Behavioral Theory Transactional Theory Transformational Theory 2.1.1 Great Man Theory Researchers who support the Great Man Theory believe that people are born with the ability and competency to become a leader (Penn, 2008). The earlier studies defined that Great Man Theory described the leaders that had achieved greatness in their behaviours and attitudes (Daft, 2008). In the new era of today, there are still people that are willing to believe in this theory. Although this theory may sound old-fashioned in the eyes of some people in management team today, research suggests that some people actually possess the intelligence, personality traits, and characteristic that lead them to become good leader (Penn, 2008; Yaverbaum and Sherman, 2008). The term Great Man Theory was first studied by Thomas Carlyle (1841) who suggested that great men are the people that posses the intelligent and created the history of the world. Carlyle argued that great man is born with well personality traits, good behaviours, and high degree of knowledge. They are the people that able to facil itate their power and ability of leadership and open minded which lead them to become a great leader and will leave their footprints in the legend and history (Eckmann, 2005). Leader Born Personality traits Behaviours Knowledge 2.1.2 Trait Theory Trait Theory suggested that an effective leader can be identified through the recognition of his or her traits. Traits are the personal characteristic that possess by a leader, such as intelligence, knowledge, values, ideas, self-confidence, and attire or appearance (Daft, 2008). Trait theory suggested that a leader that complete with perfect and unique characteristic will become an effective leader. There were several studies found that potential leader will posses that similar straits of an effective leader. Trait theory had been neglected in the pass studies of leadership. However, as there had been more researchers explored the studies of leadership theories, more research had been done on this theory in recently years (Penn, 2008). Since the studies about straits theory has getting more popular, more research can be done on other personal traits that a leaders possess such as physical and social characteristic so that a more specific and appropriate trait of an effective leader can be develop. According to Daft (2008), there were some studies of this theory showed that same kind of personal characteristic may not suitable for every situation as the environment is always changing. Leader Characteristics or Traits Intelligence Values Self- confidence Appearance 2.1.3 Contingency Theory Contingency theory suggested that effective leaders will perform an appropriate leadership practices according to the different environment and situation (Penn, 2008). They will commit in the management styles that suitable and acceptable by the employees and organizations. According to this theory, the challenge and environment for every organization was different, so there was no a particular leadership or management style that can fit into all kinds of scenarios. A leadership style will have a positive impact for the organization and its member when the style fulfils the requirement of the situation and expectations of the employees. There were two Contingency had been identified in the past studies which were Path-Goal theory and Situational theory (Penn, 2008). According to Daft (2008), Path- Goal Theory suggested leaders can increase the commitment and enthusiasm of the employees to their jobs through the implementation of the leaders behaviours that fulfil the expectation of the employees. Besides that, this theory emphasized that employees organizational commitment can be increase through the using of reward to show the appreciation of contributions of the employees. On the other hand, Situational Theory emphasized that suitable and appropriate leadership styles will be formed for different situations and leaders have to make sure that their leadership styles are match with the abilities of the subordinates and function in the right situation (Hamilton, 1992). Contingency Theory Path-Goal Theory Situational Theory Leader Behaviour Use of Rewards Right Situation Leadership Style 2.1.4 Behavioral Theory In contrast to other theory discussed above, Behavioural Theory suggested that the actions of leaders will have a positive impact when the leaders perform appropriate behaviours that fit into the situations. In other words, everyone can learn to become a good leader if he or she can match the categories of their behaviours with the appropriate leadership styles (Katsuhiko, 2007; Shapira, 1997). According to Coleman (1986), Blake and Mouton of the University of Texas had proposed a two-dimensional leadership theory called the leadership grid. Each axis on the grid is a nine-point scale, with 1 meaning low concern and 9 meaning high concern. Figure 4.1.4 shows the leadership grid. According to Blake and Mouton (1980), Team management (9,9) was considered as the most effective leadership style because all members in the organizations that work together as a team will complete the tasks faster and can achieve a better result through the process of knowledge sharing in a team. Country club management (1,9) occurred when the leaders were behave to be more concern about the well-being of the employees instead of the productivity of the company. In a contrast, Authority- compliance management (9,1) occurred when the leaders show more concern of the productivity instead of the well-being of the employees. Nevertheless, Middle-of-the-road management (5,5) reflected a moderate amount of concern for both people and production. Impoverished management (1,1) was identified as the worst leadership style as the leaders are not concern for both people in the organization and productivity of the organization. Managers are not put their efforts in the maintaining of the relati onship with the subordinates. They also do not concern of the sustainability of the organizations production. 2.1.5 Transactional Theory Transactional leadership suggested that there was an agreement of contract made between the leader and follower about the obligations of both parties (Penn, 2008). According to the agreement, the followers need to perform and accomplish the task and instructions given by the leaders with full commitment. Instead, leaders have to recognize the contributions of the employees and reward them if the tasks given are being fulfilled effectively. Transactional leadership suggested that people tend to put in more effort in order to complete tasks given when there is existence of the rewards and reorganization. However, in the today diverse working environment that full with challenges, there are getting more people that put in effort to complete the task not by the attraction of rewards, they are doing so due to the self motivation and the inspiration of challenge themselves. Transactional leadership consists of two factors which are contingent reward and management by exception (Bass, 1990) . Contingent reward is formed when there is a mutually agreement between leaders and followers in with the ultimate purpose of achieving the objectives and goals of the company. On the other hand, management by exception is focusing on task execution which means that there is mutual trust between the leaders and the employees. Leaders will try their best in correcting the problems arise in order to maintain employees well performance (Weinberger, 2009). Transactional leadership Contingent Reward Management by Exception Mutual Agreement Focusing on task execution Correcting Problems 2.1.6 Transformational Theory Burns (1978) developed the original idea of Transformational Theory. This theory was defined as a process that transforms people through the motivation, values, and well planning goals which can lead the leaders and followers to higher level of satisfaction and successful in achieving target (Anagnoste, Agoston, Puia, 2010). This theory also indicated the ability of leaders in satisfying the needs and expectations of the followers (Kuhnert Lewis, 1987). Bass (1985) suggested that Transformational Theory emphasized the influence of leaders to the followers by developing a way that can encourage the commitment of the followers to achieve a better performance (McCall, Jr., Morgan, 1986). Transformational leaders tend to have the capability to inspire the subordinates. They always encourage the employees to explore deeper of their potential so that they can be more confident about themselves and can contribute more in the effort of achieving the goals of organization (Carless, 2001). According to Bass (1985), there were four major factors that must be practiced by the leaders that wanted to commit in Transformational Leadership. The first factor was Charisma which emphasized on the characteristics expressed by the leaders that can attract and retain the employees through their persuasive words and actions. The second factor was Inspirational leadership which was defined as a sub factor within charismatic leadership behaviour. The leaders that commit in this leadership have the capability to motivate and influent others through the emotional qualities. The third factor was Individualized Consideration which means that the leaders concern for the needs and development of each employee and they respect the dignity of each employee. The last factor was Intellectual Stimulation which implied the intelligent of leaders in problem solving. They encourage the subordinates in asking question and explore the potential of employees to be creative (McCall, Jr., Morgan, 1986) . Transformational Leadership Charisma Inspirational Individualized Intellectual Leadership Consideration Stimulation 2.2 Leadership Practices There were several aspects of the studies of leadership practices because it compromised by different identifications and reorganization (Morgeson, DeRue, and Karam, 2010). An effective leadership practices is the main key to improve employees achievement. Therefore, the focus on this study is to identify the effectiveness of leadership practices in promoting the followers to achieve higher level of organizational commitment. According to Knab (2009), leaders that perform well leadership practices have the ability to motivate and generate interest of the employees to the jobs. At the same time, they are the leaders that can inspire the employees to strive for the wellness of the organization and productivity and look beyond their own self interest. Kouzes and Posner (1993) suggested that credibility is characteristic that can be learnt by leaders through the experience of previous actions. Leaders that had been through different kinds of challenges tend to be more mature and know the way to handle their relationship with subordinates (Woods, 2007). Leaders are responsible to strive and maintain the credibility through continuing behaviours. With credibility as the essential ingredient of leadership, leaders need to always improve in that particular area in order to increase the trust and commitment of employees to them. Kouzes and Posner (2007) also suggested that the theory of leadership practices had been studied by many researchers and those practices can be studied jointly or independently. According to the previous research, practices of credible leaders can be defined in five categories which are: (a) Challenge the Process (b) Inspire a Shared Vision (c) Enable Others to Act (d) Model the Way (e) Encourage the Heart Leadership can happen at any location, in any form and occur in anytime. The effective leaders that organize the people well can accomplish many and different kinds of difficult tasks. According to Kouzes and Posner (2009), every leader that wanted to success in the leadership must commit in the five dimensions of leadership practices that mentioned earlier. 2.2.1 Challenge the Process The meaning of this Challenge the Process leadership practice was defined detail by Kouzes Posner (1995). The previous studies showed that this particular leadership practice described the characteristic of a leader that always look into the opportunity and space for improvement. They are the group of people that willing to confront with the challenges and risks. Besides that, they always prepare themselves to face the changing of the world (Knab, 2009). Leaders that commit in this leadership practice are not afraid of failure, instead they take failure as a process to grow up and improve. The leadership practice of Challenge the Process emphasized on the attitude of leaders that always prepared to venture out. They are the group of people that able to accept new creations and encourage the followers to accept new products, systems, and processes. In fact, they are the one that bring into the new products or services into the organization. The leaders engaged in this leadership practices are the originators of innovation. Therefore, this leadership practice suggested that the leaders to constantly think the situation from different dimensions so that they can create a different and unexpected new thing that can contribute to the productivity of the organization (Kouzes Posner, 2009). 2.2.2 Inspire a Shared Vision Members of the organization expect their leaders to have a clear image of the future and share the vision with them. Leaders who committed leadership practice of inspire a shared vision will helps everyone to formulate a clear picture about future goals that are acceptable and achievable by everyone (Knab, 2009). Leaders play a significant role in communicates the objectives and future plans to the employees in an effective way, and in the meanwhile inspires them to work towards a shared vision. According to Hyatt (2007), the effective leaders that commit in this leadership practice have to share their ideas with the employees. Therefore, the employees will know the direction that of their effort and will strive towards the goal with full commitment. Besides that, the leadership practice of Inspire a Shared Vision emphasized on the behaviours of the leaders that allow the employees to take part in the forming of future vision (Hyatt, 2007; Gabris Ihrke, 2000). Thus, employees will have a feeling that they are part of the organization and play an important part in future planning. Leaders that engaged in this practice are willing to accept known possibilities of the future. They tend to figure out the outcome first before they give the instructions to start a new project. Therefore, they will form a clear picture about what exactly they are pursuing and the best way to achieve the successful. Furthermore, they create a common and shared vision taking into account of the needs and expectations of all members in the organization (Kouzes Posner, 2009). 2.2.3 Enable Others to Act According to Knab (2009), an effective leader that engaged in leadership practice of Enable Other to Act have the ability to influent others and encourage others to act in the way that expected by the leader. They are the leaders that support and encourage the employees to speak out their mind and contribute their ideas in the projects. Besides that, they always provide options for the employees and inspire the commitment of the employees. This leadership practice emphasized the effort of leaders and subordinates work as a team (Woods, 2007). Therefore, leaders play an important part in nurturing mutual trust within the team members (Hyatt, 2007; Tan Tan, 2000). In order to achieve successful in a project, mutual trust and cooperation among the team members are extremely important. This practice also suggested that leaders enable others to act not by forcing or strictly command. Instead, they encourage others to act through the delegation of power (Hyatt, 2007; Gabris Ihrke, 2000). They allowed the employees to make their own decision as long as the decision they make was for the good of the organization. Moreover, they always use the word we to emphasize the important to work as a team (Kouzes Posner, 2009). Thus, the employees will have a perception that they are on the same boat with others member, then the organizational commitment will increase. 2.2.4 Model the Way The leadership practice of Model the Way suggested that leaders can develop and foster mutual trust between the leader and subordinates and within the subordinates by being the role model for the subordinates (Knab, 2009). Leaders that engaged in this practice are the leaders that ethic, honest and respect dignity of others. They will clearly define the obligations of employees and give a specific instruction so that employees will receive a clear picture of what are the expectations of leaders to them. According to the study of Woods (2007), it was defined that leaders that engaged in this particular leadership practices are able to express themselves with a clear values. Then they will make sure that their behaviour and attitudes are aligned with the values they show to the employees. Competency leaders know that they must involve in the role model expected by employees so that they can gain the trust of the employees and upgrade the commitment of the employees. To be an effective leader that model the way, leaders have to make sure their values and beliefs were accepted by the employees and demonstrate their daily actions that committed to their values and standards (Hyatt, 2007; Gabris Ihrke, 2000). Leaders actions will have more impact on the commitment of the employees than their words or instructions. However, leaders actions must be consistent with what they are promised to the employees. Besides that, leaders have to identify their position in the eyes of employees. They have to make sure that their existence in the organization is important and their instructions always followed by the subordinates. The leadership practice of Model the Way explained the right attitudes that leaders should commit in their direct interaction with employees. The leaders that act as a role model tend to be the leaders that earn the respect of the employees (Kouzes Posner, 2009). 2.2.5 Encourage the Heart Leaders that engaged in leadership practice of Encourage the Heart are willing to show their appreciation to the employees publicly, and always find ways to celebrate the achievement of the subordinates (Knab, 2009). Therefore, people will be more enthusiasm to their job as their contributions are appreciated by the leaders. Besides that, the employees that receive the recognition of the leaders will increase in their self-confidence and self-esteem (Hyatt, 2007; Javidan Waldman, 2003). Thus, they will not be afraid to share their ideas and knowledge with other colleagues. The increase of confidence of employees will then encourage the commitment of employees in their jobs. This will be a competitive advantage for the organization to compete in this challenging world. The high level of organizational commitment among the employees will then increase the productivity ultimately. In the process of upgrading the quality of the products and services require the leaders to motivate the heart of the employees. Leaders play an essential role to ensure that the employees values are align with the objectives of the company (Kouzes Posner, 2009). The leaders that appreciate the effort of the employees will increase the sense of belonging of the employees. When the employees feel that they are a part of the members in the organization, they will be more commit in their jobs and willing to stay with the organization even in the through tough times. 2.3 Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment had received highly attention of the researchers in the previous studies. Previous research had identified that organizational commitment had a significant influence in some aspect of working attitudes and behaviours such as job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover rate (Lee, 2008; Lok and Crawford, 2001; Yousef, 2000). Organizational commitment focuses on employees commitment to the organization. Mowday et al., (1974) explained the definition of organizational commitment as the belief of employees regarding the organizations objectives and values. This will imply the desire of the employees effort and the willingness to contribute to the organization. The employees will be more committed in their organizations if the values and culture of the organizations align with their expectations. Then they will stay loyalty to the organization. According to Cole (2000), a committed worker always believes in companys products and services. He or she is willing to put in a lot of effort and even willing to make sacrifices as long as the purpose is for the good of company. Besides that, the employees are willing to introduce the company to their friends. They will feel proud of their company and recommend their organization to the others as the best place to work for. Furthermore, they will choose to contribute to the company that spur out their organizational commitment rather than the company that provide high salary but absence of the sense of belonging (Lee, 2008). Meyer and Allen (1991) developed three different types of organizational commitment. According to Woods (2007), the three aspects of organizational commitment were defined as below. Affective Commitment This aspect of the commitment described the feeling of employees to the organization that expressed in a positive way. They feel attach to the organization because the organization provided them a sense of belonging. The choose stay in the organization because they want to. Continuance Commitment This aspect of the commitment explained the perceptions of the employees that they will lose their benefits if they leave the organization. Besides that, they afraid to suffer the cost of losing their friendship with colleagues and the cost of losing the economic cost such as insurance, welfare, bonus, and etc. Therefore, they will choose to stay in the organization because they have to. Normative Commitment This aspect of the commitment suggested that the employees continue to contribute to the organization as they have a feeling of obligation. There will be many causes of that feeling. For instance, an employee will have a sense of moral obligation and afraid to leave the company as the company had invested a lot in his or her training. Therefore, the employee will have a perception that he or she has the responsibility to stay still in the organization. As a result, the employees will choose to commit in the organization as they feel that they ought to. 2.4 Summary Leadership was defined in many meanings by researchers and it showed that leadership was indeed plays an important role in todays organization. Although there have been many different theories and definitions of leadership, there is still space for further research about leadership (Lee, 2008). Since it was suggested by previous studies that principal of leadership is the key to improve employees achievement, it is important that we continue to investigate what type of leadership is most effective for the organizations (Knab, 2009). The need for effective and efficient leadership practices are important for the leaders in today organization to engage in. Sufficient and efficient practices of leadership in the organization by leaders will increases the organizational commitment of the employees. As a result, the productivity will also be increased. A leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but he or she may not perform as effectively in a different situation as there is always consist of different challenges in different situation (Lee, 2008; Rad and Yarmohammadian, 2006). In this chapter, the theories of leadership were defined. Subsequently, in this chapter the five leadership practices was explained and its important was discussed as well. Furthermore, the meaning of organizational commitment also be defined and three-component model of commitment was identified.

Everyone needs a family to love :: essays research papers

It was no coincidence that I met a very wise person in my life. Now this person I found was always there for me! Wherever I went I knew they were in my heart to help me out, just to make things clear I’m not talking about God (even tough he is very wise and trustworthy) I’m talking about my family, the ones that have raised me since I was small and helped me through my life to get where I am today! They were the ones I knew I could count on to help me, but in the beginning I took them for granted and just there to live with and feed me, I never thought they would help me the was have! Well I was just sitting down with my dad and having a conversation about life, which soon ended up as an argument and the meanie that he is, I got grounded and had to do community project work for 4 whole months(BORING!!!). Now you see my dad is a very strict and did anything for his community and was always a few centuries behind, but he was the one that got me to find the real me! Well on the first day of my ‘community service’ I had to clean up the beach, which I found EXTREMLY boring! On the second day I did the same thing and did the same thing for 3 whole months. But on the fourth month I was told I was going to a work at an AIDS Children Orphanage, it sounded better than the beach so I went there. As soon as I walked in I could here all the children screaming with joy as another person came in to play to feed to teach them! These children looked as if they had no worry in the world, they didn’t know they were very sick they just knew they wanted to learn and play with people so much, some of the didn’t know what it was like to have a mother, a farther, but they seen to live just as well, but they needed that extra bit of love that your parents give. I found out that day how blessed I was to have a loving family always there to back me up, before I took them for granted I thought they were a waist of time I could live without them, which is true I could look at those children, but I realised that my family gives me that sense of security and of hope.

Sweden’s Position on Personal Privacy in Cyberspace Essay -- Swedish S

Sweden’s Position on Personal Privacy in Cyberspace The Internet and computer age has enabled people to work faster and more efficiently, with practically unlimited access to information. As much as the technology boom has made our lives easier, as with most good inventions, there is some negativity that must be dealt with. The dissemination of information on the global network has put personal privacy at risk. Obviously, we are not going to give up new technologies that enrich human life for the sake of maintaining our privacy; however, measures must be taken to keep the public, or government, from abusing the Internet and computer databases for malevolent reasons. Every country in the world has its own policies on human rights to personal privacy and will deal with the threat the Internet has presented. In this paper, we will explore Swedish laws and regulations and its viewpoint on safekeeping privacy in this Internet age. A recent survey called â€Å"Digital Life Index†, which is conducted year by the Jupiter Research group, concluded that Swedes were the most digital-savvy people amongst 17 Western European countries. This title essentially means that Swedes are more prone to trying out new technologies when they first come out on the market. Swedish households are more likely than their Western European counterparts to own digital handheld gadgets, satellite dishes, mobile phones, and high-speed Internet connections.[1] We can assume that this translates into more time spent using the Internet and transferring information across databases, which requires Sweden to be considerably more conscious of preserving its people privacy. Sweden, historically, has held personal privacy in very high regard compared to other cou... ...Data Directive", <http://dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/eu-data-directive-revision.html> [15] Palme, J.; â€Å"Swedish Attempts to Regulate the Internet†, <http:/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/swedish-attempts.html> [16] Privacy Exchange, â€Å"Summary of the New Personal Data Protection Act for Sweden†, <http:/www.privacyexchange.org/legal/nat/omni/swedensum.html> [17] Palme, J.; â€Å"Critical Review of the Swedish Data Act†, <http:/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/data-act-analysis.html> [18] Palme, J.;â€Å"Swedish Law on Responsibilities for Internet Information Providers†, <http:/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/swedish-bbs-act.html> [19] Swedish Data Inspection Board, <http:/www.datainspektionen.se/pdf/arsredovisningar/eng_1999.pdf> [20] Arrision, S., 23 Oct 2003,"Perspective: Privacy Lessons from Europe", CNet News, < http://news.com.com/2010-1069-962993.html?tag=lh>

Lifestyle Change Assignment

We would also look to see how his behaviors in the morning can influence behaviors later In the day. Does he eat a large lunch because the donuts and coffee TLD hold him till noon? Does he drink another three cups of coffee at work because he Is feeling sluggish? After assessing his behavioral chain, we could then determine what the consequences are and construct strategies to help him to break one, or multiple, areas of the behavioral chain. 3. What cognitive strategies wants to be a size 8 for her high school reunion in three months' time?I would let her know that although I could possibly help her lose some weight in three months, to drop down to a size 8 would be more of a long-term goal. I would reassure her that she would be Just as beautiful at the high school reunion whether a size 22 or size 8. I could help her try and reach a goal of a size 18 or 20, and tone up a body part that she can show off (such as arms or legs). I would also refer her to a nutritionist who could prob ably help her, more than me, with the quick short-term weight loss that she wants. 4.Name three metaphors you could use to make a client feel okay about having relapses in their efforts to switch too healthier diet. One is a metaphor about a baby walking. Babies fall a lot when learning to walk, but we keep encouraging them. We don't tell them â€Å"forget it-?you will never walk†. A second metaphor is using football to demonstrate relapses. In football the team's long-term goal is to win. But the team also has a short-term goal of gaining yardage. Even though the team may not gain any yardage they don't give up the game; they keep playing working towards he long-term goal of winning.I will tell the client to think of the other times he has relapsed, and think how he still came back, and how much he has gained in that period of time. My favorite metaphor from the internet is: saying â€Å"Oh Eve already ruined my good eating today I'll Just eat crap† is like saying â⠂¬Å"Oh I dropped my phone on the floor I'll Just smash it till it breaks†. 5. The three-step protocol for behavior management/ lifestyle coaching is: ; Assessment ; Teaching ; Evaluation Why are these steps important? The only way to establish the clients concerns or goals is with an assessment.It also helps establish rapport between the lifestyle coach and client. The lifestyle coach needs to gather information from the client to learn about his stages of change, behaviors, situation, and family history, expectations, previous behavior change attempts, and exercise history. These help the lifestyle coach to modify plans and support especially for that client. Because most of a person's behavior are behaviors they have learned, they must learn how to change their negative behaviors. It is essential for the coach to teach the client.The teacher may give the client verbal feedback or describing observations. With the verbal feedback and/or enlightened by observations, the studen t can learn behavior modification. Evaluation is also important. Evaluation should be continuously evaluating the effectiveness of the coaching and client efforts. It is used to adjust and modify the goals, implementation, strategies, and effort. Without evaluation there is no way to establish if goals have been met or if the process is successfully working or helping.

Tb leadership

Many leaders forget that business is about values, not Just economic performance. Moral leadership doesn't mean ignoring profit and loss, stock price, production costs, and other hard measurable facts. But it does require recognizing the Importance of moral values, human meaning, quality, and higher purpose. Despite the corporate realities of greed, competition, and the drive to achieve goals and profits, leaders can act from moral values and encourage others to develop and use moral values In the workplace. 0 2. How does a leader find the courage to step through fear and confusion, to act despite the risks Involved? All of us have the potential to live and act courageously, If we can push through our own fears. Most of us have learned fears that limit our comfort zones and stand in the way of being our best and accomplishing our goals. We have been conditioned to follow the rules, not rock the boat, to go along with things we feel are wrong so others will like and accept us.There ar e a number of ways people can unlock the courage thin themselves, including committing to causes they believe in, connecting with others, welcoming failure as a natural and beneficial part of life, and harnessing anger. 180-185 3. What is the concept of servant leadership described by Robert Greengage? According to Greengage, servant leaders: 1) put service before self-interest; 2) listen first to affirm others; 3) inspire trust by being trustworthy; and 4) nourish others and help them become whole. Servant leaders truly value and respect others as human beings, not as objects of labor.

Checkpoint: International Staffing

When a company expands globally, it is generally the responsibility of the HR managers to ensure that operations are staffed. International staffing has many unique challenges. Among these challenges are cultural differences, which are inherent in global business as well as the geographical obstacles of home office and remote locations being in different countries. Cultural differences such as religion, customs, language, etc. can be very challenging. More factors have to be considered when selecting host country nationals. Most host country nationals are already familiar with the culture of the host country but might still need training. In the case of the home country and third country nationals more training would be needed, for example new language(s) to be learnt, communication skills, knowledge of and tolerance and respect for religion, customs, rituals, etc. of host country. Cultural differences can prove to be very difficult to overcome. When recruiting internationally, HR departments must be particularly responsive to the cultural and other environments both domestically and abroad. Managing operations and people in many different countries is also challenging to global companies. A global company can send home country nationals to staff its international operations, which means relocation of these home country nationals to foreign countries known or unknown. The company has to keep track of the whereabouts and safety of these employees and even their families who might have relocated with them. Sending home country expatriates to establish activities, particularly in less developed countries and to work with local governments is generally very expensive. Challenges also have to be met when hiring third country nationals who are natives of a country other than the home country or the host country. These employees also have to relocate and accommodation(s) must be provided for them. There are laws and regulations, which have to be adhered to when employing them. Reference Bohlander, G. W. & Snell, S. A (2007). Managing human resources (14th ed. ). Florence, KY: Thompson Leaning Higher Education.

What influenced Georgian style and its features?

What influenced Georgian manner and its characteristics?ContentIntroduction( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism( page 4 )Early Georgian manner: Examples( page 5 )James Stuart ( page 5 )Sir William Chambers ( pages 5-6 )Robert Adam ( page 6 )Late Georgian manner( page 7 )Henry Holland ( page 7 )Features of Georgian manner( page 8 )Landscape ( page 8 )Architecture ( pages 8-9 )Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines ( page 9 )Decision( page 9 )Bibliography( page 10 )What influenced Georgian Style and its characteristics?Introduction Georgian manner is a manner in the architecture, interior design, and cosmetic humanistic disciplines of Britain during the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies. The term â€Å"Georgian† gets its name from four male monarchs of England who reigned in Britain from 1714-1830. All of them were named George. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Although the George did non hold an impact on the manner, they perpetuated a motion that is different from the popular Italian and Gallic Baroque manner. â€Å"Georgian is a term normally associated in the popular head with refined furniture, elegant apparels, edifices of delusory simpleness, classical music, decorous prose, and state houses set in delighting parks.† ( Georgian Housestyle, Ingrid Cranfield ) . In kernel, Georgian is non a manner by itself, but an epoch during that many developments and alterations happened in both architecture and interior design. ( Worldguide,2015) Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism Each designer or interior decorator has his ain thoughts and single attack. However, all of them had something common: they were to a great extent influenced by elements of ancient Rome and Greece. In other words, they were driven by the same motivated thought: to animate the antique classical universe. Classicism was considered as godlike: it reproduced the edifice blocks of God’s creative activity and the agreements of nature. Furthermore, this ( Georgian ) period is defined as â€Å"an epoch of refined neoclassical trends† . ( Worldguide,2015) As it was mentioned earlier, the Georgian manner was extremely influenced by classicalism. Young British blue bloods ( including designers, interior decorators and furniture shapers ) in the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies took the â€Å"Grand Tour† of European states. These â€Å"Grand Tours† made the influential categories follow classical traditions of architecture and design. However, the Baroque used classical ornamentation and decor in a really unfastened ended manner. ( David Ross,2015) However, the British employed these motives in an inflexible and unagitated manner. ( Worldguide,2015) If Baroque is excessively much, Georgian classicalism is a grace. Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism Besides classicalism, there was another manner that had a really strong impact on the Georgian manner. It is a Palladinism, â€Å"a doctrine of design based on the Hagiographas and work of Andreas Palladio† . ( David Ross,2015) He is an Italian designer of the 16Thursdaycentury who recreated the design and proportions of the edifices of antique Rome. ( Worldguide,2015) Famous English designer Inigo Jones brought the Georgian manner to Britain in the 17Thursdaycentury. ( Worldguide,2015) Palladinism was a important factor in the early Georgian manner. There was a proportion-based Palladian school of design that dominated British architecture from the mid-1720s to the early 1750s. It was rich and graceful, and there were Roman temple frontages and pillars. In add-on, a mathematical expression was used for a building’s proportion. However, after 1750 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) or from around 1760 ( Worldguide,2015) , English designers James Stuart, Sir William Chambers and Scottish architect Robert Adam were exposed to a clearer manner of classicalism around Britain. They were inspired by the archeological finds at Pompei and Herculanium. This new information about Greek and Roman architecture brought about a neoclassical revolution in gustatory sensation. This emphasises on neoclassicism that became more widespread for design for the continuance of the mid-Georgian period, which was until 1800 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) . Early Georgian manner: Examples James Stuart One of the best illustrations of neoclassicism is James Stuart ( 1713-1788 ) . He went on assorted â€Å"Grand Tours† of many European metropoliss like other designers at that clip. While he was analyzing in Greece, his work was necessarily influenced by clear Grecian motives. Due to these surveies, he got the moniker â€Å"Athenian† Stuart. In add-on, he published â€Å"Antiquities of Athens† in separate books from 1762. ( Worldguide,2015) On the image below shows an illustration of his work: ( St James’s Square, London ) Sir William Chambers Sir William Chambers ( 1723-1796 ) is one of the designers stand foring the mid-Georgian period. He was born in Sweden to Scottish parents. His architectural practise was in London in the 1750s. Furthermore, Sir William spent clip in China, which gives an account why his neoclassicism was assorted with Chinese touches and elements. The name of the technique is known as chinoiserie, and it enjoyed modest popularity in Britain that clip. He besides showed Greek and Roman features of Gallic neoclassicism. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Chinese Pagoda in Kew Gardens, London and Somerset House, London ) Robert Adam One more illustration is Robert Adam ( 1728-1992 ) . He was born in Fife, Scotland. He worked with his brother James on a manner airier than the Palladian, utilizing Egyptian and Gothic motives with Roman ornaments. His graphicss were symmetrical but non every bit much as Palladian proportions. Furthermore, he was known to demo motives as â€Å"ribbons, garlands, sphinx and gryphons, ellipses and hexagons etc† . This manner was celebrated as the Adam manner. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Syon House, West London ) Late Georgian manner Late Georgian manner is known as Regency and was popular during the reign of the British Prince Regent from 1811 to 1820. ( The Editors of Britannica,2015and Worldguide,2015) Actually, the Regency manner recollected neoclassical elements, but it was opened more to Greek, Egyptian, Asian and French influences than it was earlier. This manner is much heavier in ornamentation than earlier Georgian manners, and edifice frontages were frequently covered with stucco plaster than noticeable brick. Furthermore, insides were more unfastened and light, and Windowss became larger. In my personal sentiment, the Regency manner ( Late Georgian manner ) is kindred to a span between early Georgian design and nearing Victorian epoch. Henry Holland For case, Henry Holland ( 1745-1806 ) was the most prima designer of the late Georgian period. ( Worldguide,2015) Holland’s designs was influenced by Roman, Greek and Egyptian signifiers and the Empire manners of late 18Thursdaycentury France every bit good. His manner is simpler and more academic. ( Sloane Street and Sloane Square, West London ) Features of Georgian manner Landscape There are many features specifying the Georgian period. One of the chief characteristics is patio. The 18Thursdaycentury ( David Ross,2015) was a clip of great success of urban developments. Houses had a public and private map. Unfortunately, it meant that there was a demand to set a batch of houses into a little infinite. It lead to the creative activity of the patio. The patio allowed a whole street to hold a sense of architectural completeness, besides maintaining little sizes of houses. Patios used to take a few signifiers ; typically laid out in consecutive lines or in quadrilaterals around a cardinal garden country, or in curves or egg-shaped â€Å"circuses† . In add-on, these developments gave birth of the townhouses – practical lodging built in drawn-out, well-ordered patios, which made boulevard expression like orderly architectural elements. ( Worldguide,2015) These townhouses were normally four degrees in tallness and made of brick. However, during that period ( 18Thursdaycentury ) the rich were progressively wealthier and as a consequence, they began puting money into their families. Affluent landlords used their immense land to make designed Parkss, and those Parkss were called â€Å"country houses† . ( David Ross,2015) These estates were full of reproductions of classical temples and extra architectural pieces: grottoes, Bridgess, and that group of fragments called â€Å"follies† . Basically, these Parkss carried on the classical doctrine. Architecture Furthermore, there are other common architectural elements, such as symmetrical signifier, classical entrywaies, glass transoms, big quadrilateral suites, sash Windowss, immense exterior symmetrical staircases, internal hall staircase, pediment door and geometric ornaments. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Shape is a chief important characteristic of this manner. The square is â€Å"prominent† ( DesignIntuit, 2001 ) , and forms are classical. The foundation of Georgian proportion was normally geometrical, with the cardinal block of the edifice â€Å"often augmented by dashs and wings† ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Homes were merely symmetrical. There was non normally an even figure of Windowss ( five across for house ) . This did non let dissymmetry around the in-between window of the edifice. Sash Windowss –â€Å"panes divided by wooden bars† ( Worldguide,2015) – were common. In add-on, Windowss were four-sided ( DesignIntuit,2001) and had the same breadth ( Worldguide,2015) . However, their tallness was assorted from the first floor to the last 1. Second floor Windowss were the tallest 1s, while land floor and 3rd floor Windowss were shorter, and the Windowss on the top were about quadrilateral. Every Georgian house door is groundwork and supported by memorials. ( DesignIntuit,2001) There was a window on the top of the door, and it was separated by a construction called a fanlight. ( Worldguide,2015) There was typically a hip roof, sometimes with dormers. It was really popular with Christopher Wren. Furthermore, a more asymmetrical gable roof would be inappropriate at all. ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines In the Georgian period, there was a important rise in popularity with respects to interior ornament. ( Britannica,2015) When you look at Georgian insides, think about those architectural elements that are inside – big furnace and room accesss, and well-balanced proportioned suites. In add-on to architecture and interior design, there were great accomplishments in the cosmetic humanistic disciplines. For case, furniture design met many manners and attacks, runing from the classical influence, to the consecutive and simple lines etc. Decision Sadly, that period could non last. Victorian morality transformed architecture and other designs because their thought was about following Gothic manner as a national one due to the fact that it was a native design for the Great Christian Empire of Britain. ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) To sum up, the Georgian period, particularly architecture left many chef-d'oeuvres and a fluctuation of manners and thoughts. Furthermore, the metropoliss and urban quarters created that clip ( Bath and Bloomsbury in London ) are still theoretical accounts of comfy urban life.Bibliographyâ€Å"Georgian Style† , David Ross, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britainexpress.com/architecture/georgian.htm)â€Å"The Georgian Style of British Colonial Annapolis† , DesignIntuit, 2001(hypertext transfer protocol: //www.designintuit.com/issue0002/focus/ghistory.html)â€Å"The Georgian Era of Great Britain† , Worldguide, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldguide.eu/wg/index.php? StoryID=148 & A ; ArticleID=21368 )â€Å"Georgian architecture: a classical re-education† , Dan Cruickshank, 2011 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/sep/11/georgian-architecture-british )â€Å"Historic manners: Georgian style† , We ntworthstudio, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/georgian/ )â€Å"Georgian architecture† , Britannica, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230322/Georgian-style )1

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