Investment appraisal as a form of management control Essay

Investment appraisal as a form of management control - bear witness ExampleThis is then followed by the various investment methods in practice. The traditional and discounted cash flow methods ar then hold forthed in detail. It is essential for the management to choose the appropriate investment appraisal technique to be followed and indeed the next section focuses on the selection approach. This section throws light on the merits and demerits of the various investment appraisal techniques as well. In order to understand the importance of security projects (non-financially justifiable), a case bring is then taken, where a security team makes a proposal to the management to invest on a security project. It is evident that, in the corporate world, the management takes decision based on financial benefits and hence the security team has to justify the investment. The case study uses two methods, NPV and IRR, to arrive at the benefits from the investment. Based on the results, one of these methods is finalized and presented to the management.In order to understand the need for investment appraisal to management control, it is essential to discuss about the various types of investments and the degree of impact they have on a companys growth. each growing company continuously invests on new projects to increase its net worth or value. in that respect argon various types of investments made by companies every year. These investments can be as large as setting up an entire unit or as small as buying letter paper for the company. The management needs to ensure that all the investments made by the company are justified and are necessary for the business. This is very essential as these decisions directly affect the value of the company and in turn, the shareholders. circumspection generally classifies all investments into financially justifiable investments and non financially justifiable investments (Weston and

African films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African films - Assignment ExampleThe use of silence was a tool that disempowered women in the palace by not allowing them to speak about what was happening to them in their life. If they were strained into a behavior they did not want, they were expected to remain silent about the situation. If they were sick, they bore their pain in silence. The women knew what was going on in the palace, but were not allowed to talk to any(prenominal)one about what they knew. If the char was not married, the get wind of the father of any children was never uttered (Tlatti, 1994). The women were considered household slaves and were not allowed to leave the house, were expected to cook, clean, and perform any other duties, as requested by the family, without saying a word. They talked among themselves, but even that conversation was limited. separately woman had to bare her own burden in silence. The only way this silence could render been apply to empower the women is if they would have been able to communicate with the outside world and then the family would have had to pay them to keep quiet about the affairs of the palace.Sexual violence was included in the lives of these women, but none of them were allowed to have a voice in the situation. The women were not allowed to refuse, they could fight back until they were over powered, but the act would facilitate take place if the man wanted it to happen (Tlatti, 1994). None of the other women were allowed to come to the aid of anyone macrocosm forced and the harm that was caused was not discussed by the victim. If medical attention was needed, a nurse was summoned. Demanding that a woman have an abortion is just as impetuous and results in death as other violent acts that can and have been performed on people in society. Making sure the slave/servant women remained in the home at all cost required that all births happened without any medical intervention (Tlatti, 1994). This could in addition be considered a form

Macro3B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro3B - Essay ExampleThe expenditure multiplier factor is a constant that gives the value (a ratio) to what you depart put in the providence and what you will get go forth of it as a result. It is an developmentd (multiplied) value beca utilise once money comes into the economy it changes many hands and in stages multiplies. We first need to know the value of the multiplier before determining the amount by which we ought to cast up government spending. Multiplier = 1 / MPS We know what the MPC is because MPC + MPS = 1 We can find place the value of MPS that is 0.8 + MPS = 1 MPS = 1 0-.8 MPS = 0.2 Since MPS = 0.2, Multiplier = 1 / MPS Multiplier = 1 / 0.2 Multiplier = 5 At present, the economy lacks behind full concern by $2000 as the full employment level is $10,000 and we are currently at $8,000 (10,000 80000), to fulfill this gap, we will not increase government spending by 2000 as that would increase the total tabooput to a large termination owing to the presence of the Expenditure multiplier, therefore we would increase it by 2000 / Multiplier 2000 / 5 = $400 A $400 increase in Government spending would automatically trigger an increase of $2000 in the economy owing to the presence of the multiplier (i.e. 400 * 5 = $2000) Question 2 The separate aspect of Fiscal tool that the government has on its disposal is the levyes which it can alter depending on the distinguish of the economy. Since the President has asked me to trifle on the fiscal measure owing to popular public demand, we can work with it as well. First of all, it is important to understand that taxes are not a manoeuvre component of the gross domestic product unlike government expenditure they influence consumption. Also, tax cuts are feared to be saved to an extent depending on the publics expectations (example, if there is more employment in the economy, GDP is likely to rise greatly, however, decreases in tax rates might even be saved by the households), therefore, the value of the tax multiplier is less than that of the expenditure multiplier which means I would have to reduce taxes to a greater extent as compared to government expenditure to get the $2000 increase in GDP. tax Multiplier MPC / MPC Since MPC = 0.8 and MPS = 0.2 valuate Multiplier = 0.8 / 0.2 Tax Multiplier = 4 (Which is one less than the expenditure multiplier that was 5) For the economy to boost to full employment, tax cuts would have to be given in accordance with the multiplier 2000 / Tax Multiplier 2000/4 = $500 Therefore, it is evident, for the economy to go to the full employment level of $10,000, tax cuts outlay 500 have to be given (which are 100 more than the expenditure if the government were to use that). This makes the government spending policy more attractive as compared to giving tax incentives to people. Question 3 If the president were to match increases in federal government expenditures with the offsetting increases in taxation, it would never give out a balanced b udget. It is important to note that because of a leakage i.e. saving, a tax cut never gives out its full multiplier effect tax cuts affect consumption and are not a direct part of the GDP. On the other hand, government expenditure is direct component of GDP as shown taking closer looks at the formula of tax multiplier (i.e. MPC/MPS) and comparing it to the expenditure multiplier, one would realize that the tax multiplier would always be 1 less than the government expenditure multiplier therefore follow increases or decreases in both would not give out a balanc

The Evolution of Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Evolution of Juvenile arbiter - Essay ExampleProgressive era reforms had major contributions in the framing of the modern fresh umpire formation. In the period from 1900- 1920s the nation witnessed various campaigns including suffrage movement, and campaign against child labor. Laborers fought for their rights and demanded eight-hour workday. Before the imperfect era, children who commit crime were also imprisoned care adults. Child offenders were punished like adults. However, the voice of favorable and political reformers demanded a exchange in the societys views about minor offenders. The psychologists of the eighteenth and ordinal centuries who came up with new psychological theories cried against the hard punishment given for minor offenders. Reformers wanted a change in societys views on juvenile delinquents. They put the idea of rehabilitating children offenders rather than punishing them like adults. In 1824 reformers set up the New York House of Refuge. Juvenile s who commit crime were placed in the juvenile homes instead of adult jails. By 1899, individual states began considering the problem of youth incarceration and setting up youth reform homes. These reforms initiated the nonion of juvenile justness system. These early changes were because of the conviction that society should not abandon teen offenders, but should recover their lives by redirecting them in a different manner. Keeping offenders in reform houses helped them exhausting their relationship with the world of crime. The juvenile justice system is rooted in this very concept of renewal of young criminals. The juvenile justice system began acquiring the authority of a parent. The state takes the responsibility as a parent and keeps the children with them until they show some positive changes or grow up as adults. young person were not treated as adults. The cases involving youths were considered in a special informal court meant for juveniles. The procedure did not inc lude the assistance of attorneys. Extenuating evidence, beyond the legal elements related to the crime was considered by the judge. These initiatives paved the way for the current juvenile justice system. In the year 1967 a decision by the Supreme woo confirmed the need of juvenile courts to consider the law rights of minors in the court proceedings. The decision was caused by a case that involves a juvenile. The courts decision was to confine Gerald Gault, the juvenile who was accused of making an obscene call, when being under probation. consort to the Arizona juvenile court, the minor should be placed in the State Industrial School till he turns 21. He should otherwise be discharged by law. However, the Supreme Court decision came up with the rights of minors. According to the Supreme Court, the minor has the right to get beak of charges and receive proper legal counsel. The minor holds the right for confrontation and cross-examination. Furthermore, he has the privilege agains t self-incrimination. The minor throne rightfully get a transcript of the court proceedings and take an appellate review. The dissenting fellowship however came up with the idea that the courts decision would only take the case to a criminal prosecution. According to them, the minors case should be done as per the original goal of the juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice system is not intended to prosecute and punish minors who commit crimes. The system rather recommends correcting them. This is the society

The understanding financial data, and developing and making judgements Essay

The understanding fiscal selective information, and developing and making judgements on proposals against strategical objectives - Essay ExampleIn this say the researcher observed the role played by the pay and accounting function in the operation of a business. The author of the study recognized the following main(prenominal) functionsThe raise of funds or financial focusingThe role of financial reporting and The budgeting and organisational objectives.Financial management is a division of the finance and accounting purpose i.e. concerned with the financing of an diligences activities. pay is usually raised finished loan capital, sh be capital and state finance or through inside generated funds. This report is prepared for Roberta Kelly and providing good budgeting plan to her business. It is designed to give the learners a chance to check into the principles that support the financial decision making procedure and how they are applied into business. International Financial account Standards (IFRS) is a group of accounting standards build up by a sovereign, not-for-profit business called the International score Standards Board (IASB). The goal of IFRS is to provide a global framework for how public companies prepare and disclose their financial statements. IFRS provides general guidance for the preparation of financial statements, rather than setting rules for industry-specific reporting. Financial reporting is the battle array of financial data in a form that is helpful to interested parties. It includes the collection and presentation of data for utilize in management accounting and financial management. ... It includes the collection and presentation of data for utilize in management accounting and financial management. 3. Interpretation of Accounting Information Public Limited Companies For the comparison study and understanding of the Transportation sector we have chosen the two companies i.e. 1. MET Plc 2. KGL PTS. Both of the companies are well realized in the transportation sector and they are diversifying their business worldwide. Marwyn European Transport Plc is newly established keep company in the transportation sector it is formed by the leading Transport industry executives to exploit the opportunities in the European transport industry. They are now focusing on the German bus and coach industry and presently operating 250 buses in Germany. The MET is established as a wholly owned subsidiary company of the MMP (Marwyn Management Partner Plc.). The board of directors of the company has a belief on the attractive investment opportunities in the public transportation of the European countries and so they are willing to operate the business by tutelage the favors of the stakeholders. Initially they are targeting the largest bus markets in the country. KGL Passenger Transport Services (KGL PTS) in Kuwait, a adjuvant of KGL Holding, was recognized in 2005. Being the showpiece of KGL Holdings Passenger Transport M anagement Company, the KGL PTS has highly-developed themselves as one of the most important passenger travel service companies within Kuwait and position East. As they are offering different means of carrying to suit the necessities of customer both publicly and commercially, they are still leading the sector. The head quarter of KGL PTS is in Kuwait and they are operating in Sharjah, Abu Dhabi and in the United Arab

Subordinate group member Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subordinate group member - Essay usageays author Yen Le Espiritu (1995), mainly due to socio-historical amnesia, limited research has been expended on the immigration and village history of Filipinos in the US (p.1).Other sources, such as the book The Filipino Americans by Barbara Mercedes Posadas (1999), do not cover Filipino diaspora to the US during the Spanish occupation in the Philippines. Posadas asserts that the first wave of immigration came during World War II. Some Filipinos were enlisted in the US Army and later naturalized and sworn to citizenship. The countenance wave was during the 1965 liberalization of immigration laws. Many factors such as the Philippine independence from American colonization, entranceway to naturalization, the institution of export labor by the Marcos regime, and the ethnic community expansion among others have contributed to a clean face of Filipino Americans (p.26).Perhaps because of limited available publications on their history, Filipino Americans have often been plagued by questions on identity. In many known Filipino American literary pieces, identity is always a central theme. Reshi Hebbar (1998) from the Post Colonial Studies at Emory College notes that renowned Fil-Am authors like Jose Garcia Villa, Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, and Jessica Hagedorn wrote to exile themselves from the home country or to accept the status of a hyphenated American or to find a bridge between the two. female horse P. Root (1997), in her introduction to the book Filipino Americans Transformation and Identity attributes much of the identity mix-up explored by Fil-Am writers to the five centuries of colonization that ravaged the souls and psyche of the indigenous people of the archipelago dubbed Las Islas Filipinas regardless of our nativity, language, class or gender (xi). She affirms that colonization plays a big part in the Fil-Am experience.Currently, there are communities in the US that have helped many Filipino immigrants and descendants cope up with the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business law - Essay subjectHowever, the Council may not be held liable for the losses of 50,000 pounds that Burton is trying to claim in the form of garbled profits.The original neighbor principle mandating a general duty of care towards others on the basis of owe consideration to ones neighbor, was set out in the case of Donaghue v Stevenson.1 This was later thin in the case of Caparo v Dickman2 where the scope of the duty of care was refined on the basis of troika principles (a) was there a relationship of sufficient proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant? (b) Was the damage caused to the plaintiff reasonably foreseeable? (c) Is it just and reasonable to impose a duty of care?This may be applied in the case of both Abi and Burton, who have suffered damages in the form of repairs needed for their homes, with Abi as thoroughly sustaining injuries. Abi is a local resident of the area and Burtons is a local business, therefore the Council is responsible for ensuring t heir safe by maintaining the alluvion barrier. Secondly, the damage caused is likely to be held to be reasonably foreseeable because Hanby Borough Council is responsible for maintaining flood defenses along the river and were told to improve the defenses. Since a flood had occurred before, it is reasonable to assume that such damages occurring in the succeeding(a) would have been a foreseeable event and therefore the Council may be held to be negligent in failing to complete repairs quickly. Lastly, the Court may indeed deem it just and reasonable to impose a duty of care in this case, since the remissness of the Council has resulted in damages caused to the premises of both Abi and Burton, as well as further injuries to Abi while she was being rescued which required hospitalization.The underlying core for the establishment of the principles wherein negligence has been held to be legally liable under the principles spelt out in the cases above, is the sentiment of moral handle doing for which the offender is to be held